Lesson 7.2.2

7.2.2 Researching with children: ethics and data analysis Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 7

20 questions

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Lesson 7.2.2, Researching with children: ethics and data analysis: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 7: Child psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which type of interview uses a fixed list of questions asked in the same order to every child?

    • Structured interview
    • Unstructured interview
    • Semi-structured interview
    • Informal conversation

  2. What is a closed question in a questionnaire?

    • A question that is repeated later in the survey to check reliability
    • A question that asks the respondent to choose from a set of fixed answer options
    • A question that invites a free written reply with no limit on length
    • A question that asks the respondent about the researcher's own beliefs

  3. Which bias occurs when respondents answer in the way they think is approved of rather than the way they really behave?

    • Order effect
    • Social desirability bias
    • Investigator effect
    • Demand characteristics

  4. A ranked scale question (for example, rate how much you agree from 1 to 5) mainly produces which type of data?

    • Quantitative data that can be ordered
    • Qualitative data in the form of quotations
    • Covert observational data
    • Secondary data taken from school records

  5. Which term describes cues in a study that reveal the aim to participants and change how they behave?

    • Operationalisation
    • Random allocation
    • Counterbalancing
    • Demand characteristics

  6. Under the UNCRC (1989), what is the key idea behind the participation rights of children?

    • Children must give written consent to every research study by contract
    • Children may never be asked about their family life in research
    • Children have the right to express their views on matters that affect them
    • Parents alone decide which research children are allowed to join

  7. Which measure of dispersion is the difference between the highest and lowest score in a data set?

    • Mean
    • Range
    • Median
    • Mode

  8. A researcher interviews 9-year-olds using a semi-structured schedule and lets them move off the set topics. What is the main advantage of this approach?

    • Responses are fully standardised so they are easy to compare
    • Complete removal of social desirability bias
    • Guaranteed representativeness of the sample
    • Richer and more detailed answers that the researcher did not anticipate

  9. A questionnaire asks: How many hours a week do you watch TV? (a) 0-2 (b) 3-5 (c) 6 or more. Which type of data does this produce?

    • Primary qualitative data that needs thematic coding
    • Secondary data drawn from an existing database
    • Qualitative data, because it asks about habits
    • Quantitative data, because the answers are countable categories

  10. A researcher recruits 40 children by putting a poster in the school hall, and only those who respond take part. Which sampling technique is this?

    • Random sampling
    • Volunteer sampling
    • Stratified sampling
    • Opportunity sampling

  11. Children's scores on a 1-10 scale include a few extreme low scores. Which measure of central tendency best describes the typical score?

    • The mean, because it uses every value in the data
    • The median, because it is less affected by extreme values
    • The range, because it shows the typical score
    • The mode, because it is always the midpoint of the data

  12. Nine children's scores are 2, 4, 4, 5, 9. What is the range of these scores?

    • 4
    • 7
    • 5
    • 9

  13. A questionnaire asks children: Don't you agree that school is fun? (yes/no). Which weakness does this wording risk?

    • It can only produce qualitative data from the responses
    • It recruits too many participants for the study to be manageable
    • It automatically gains ethical approval from the review board
    • It is a leading question that may push children towards the answer 'yes'

  14. Which action best protects children's rights during a school-based interview study?

    • Using deception so that children answer more honestly
    • Recording the interviews without telling anyone involved
    • Asking children to sign a contract with the school principal
    • Obtaining informed consent from parents and assent from children, and allowing withdrawal at any time

  15. A sample of 25 children has a mean score of 12.4 and a standard deviation of 2.1. What does the small standard deviation indicate?

    • Scores are widely spread out around the mean
    • The sample is unrepresentative of the population
    • Scores cluster closely around the mean
    • The distribution is strongly skewed to the right

  16. Which inferential test is most suitable for comparing scores from two independent groups of children measured on an ordinal scale?

    • Spearman's rho
    • Wilcoxon signed-ranks test
    • Chi-squared test
    • Mann-Whitney U test

  17. Which test is most suitable for examining the relationship between children's age and the number of friends they name, when both variables are on ordinal scales?

    • Chi-squared test of difference
    • Spearman's rho
    • Wilcoxon signed-ranks test
    • Mann-Whitney U test

  18. A researcher uses thematic analysis on transcripts of child interviews. Which step should come first?

    • Writing a null hypothesis to test against the transcripts
    • Reporting the final themes together with counts of participants
    • Calculating a chi-squared value for the frequency of each theme
    • Becoming familiar with the data by reading the transcripts repeatedly

  19. In grounded theory applied to interviews with children, what is the purpose of constant comparison?

    • To remove any participant's data that looks unusual
    • To calculate a mean score for each category of response
    • To compare each new data item with earlier ones so that categories are refined and linked to theory
    • To test a directional hypothesis by finding a p value

  20. Children in a study tend to report more sharing after being asked in a questionnaire. Which change best reduces social desirability bias without deceiving them?

    • Using anonymous questionnaires with neutral wording and telling children there are no right answers
    • Interviewing children only in front of their teachers
    • Asking parents to report the child's sharing instead
    • Using a leading question so that the desired behaviour is clearly named

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