Lesson 7.4.1

7.4.1 Key question: day care and international adoption Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 7

20 questions

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Lesson 7.4.1, Key question: day care and international adoption: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 7: Child psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. In the key question on day care and international adoption, which concept describes the total absence of an early attachment, as studied in Romanian orphans?

    • Monotropy
    • Privation
    • Deprivation
    • Separation anxiety

  2. Which distinction between privation and deprivation is correct?

    • Privation and deprivation are two names for the same condition
    • Privation means losing an existing attachment, deprivation means never forming one
    • Privation means never forming an attachment, deprivation means losing an attachment that existed
    • Privation applies only to adults and deprivation only to children

  3. Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis proposed that prolonged separation from the mother in early childhood has what effect?

    • No lasting effect if the child is loved by any adult
    • Potentially lasting harm to emotional, social and intellectual development
    • Only a temporary effect that always disappears by adolescence
    • An improvement in attachment security in later life

  4. Ainsworth's Strange Situation classifies infants by which observable behaviour?

    • Their number of words spoken in a day
    • Their scores on an intelligence test
    • Their speed of walking across a room
    • Their reactions to separation from and reunion with the caregiver

  5. Rutter and colleagues studied Romanian adoptees in the English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study. What did the research show about children adopted before about six months of age?

    • They were all diagnosed with autism
    • They showed no catch-up in development after adoption
    • They showed substantial catch-up in development compared with those adopted later
    • They always developed insecure attachments

  6. A study finds that children adopted from institutions after a longer period of privation have lower cognitive scores at age 4 than those adopted earlier. Which conclusion is best supported?

    • Children adopted later always have higher IQ than those adopted early
    • Age of adoption makes no difference to later development
    • The length of privation may be linked to poorer outcomes, though other factors could contribute
    • Adoption itself causes cognitive delay

  7. Day care research often asks whether group care in infancy disrupts attachment to parents. Which finding is most consistent with the evidence that quality matters more than attendance alone?

    • Any day care always causes insecure attachment
    • High-quality day care is not linked to harmful attachment outcomes in the same way as low-quality care
    • Only children who attend day care for under one hour a day are affected
    • Attendance at day care has no measurable effect on any child at any age

  8. A parent asks whether day care will harm their 10-month-old's attachment. Which piece of evidence would be most relevant to the answer?

    • A laboratory study of adult memory recall
    • Longitudinal data on the relationship between quality and quantity of day care and attachment security
    • A single anecdotal report from one family
    • The average height of children at a single nursery

  9. Which factor is most important when deciding whether an international adoption is in a child's best interests, according to the key question's focus on applying research?

    • The gender of the adoptive parents only
    • Whether the child has the opportunity to form a secure attachment with a consistent caregiver
    • The number of languages the parents speak
    • The colour of the family's house

  10. An argument for international adoption as a benefit to a child might cite which piece of evidence?

    • Evidence that adoption has no effect on any outcome
    • Evidence that adopted children from deprived institutions can recover much development when placed early in a stable family
    • Evidence that children should remain in institutions for their whole childhood
    • Evidence that adoption always produces disorganised attachment

  11. An argument against international adoption might point out which limitation of the evidence on early adoption?

    • Adoptees may differ in pre-adoption adversity, and results may vary with age at placement and adoptive family factors
    • There are no differences between children from different countries
    • Studies cannot involve children at all
    • Adoption outcomes are measured only by the child's height

  12. Which ethical issue is most relevant when research uses data from children who have been adopted internationally?

    • The need for children to pay for their own research participation
    • The requirement that researchers must always deceive adopted children
    • The use of animals as a control group
    • The children's right to privacy and the need to protect them from harm in how data are used and published

  13. A key question asks whether early day care is good or bad for children. Why is a simple yes or no answer difficult to give?

    • Because outcomes depend on factors such as quality, timing, amount of care and the home environment
    • Because there is no research on the topic
    • Because the answer is always decided by government policy alone
    • Because day care is only available to older children

  14. In the context of child psychology, what does 'monotropy' describe?

    • The idea that all children form several equal attachments at the same time
    • The idea that attachment is shown only in adults
    • The idea that infants form one primary attachment that is qualitatively different from others
    • The idea that attachment is entirely learned from feeding

  15. A researcher wants to know whether a child's attachment type predicts later social behaviour. Which design is needed to test this prediction?

    • A longitudinal design following children from infancy into later childhood
    • A content analysis of parenting books
    • A case study of a single family without any follow up
    • A cross-sectional design measuring attachment and social behaviour at a single time point

  16. Which statement about the evidence on attachment and adoption is most accurate?

    • Attachment patterns are the same in all cultures and all adoptive families
    • Attachment cannot be changed once it is formed in infancy under any circumstances
    • Attachment is shaped by early experience, but outcomes vary with individual and environmental factors
    • Adopted children never form secure attachments to their adoptive parents

  17. A study measures the amount of time children spend in day care and their attachment security, finding a weak negative correlation. Which conclusion is correct?

    • The study must have used an experiment with random allocation
    • There is a weak negative association, which does not establish cause and effect
    • The correlation proves that attachment security is unrelated to day care
    • Day care causes insecure attachment

  18. Which research method would allow a researcher to study the effect of a specific adoption intervention on children's attachment?

    • A survey of teachers about playground behaviour
    • A purely qualitative case study of one child
    • A content analysis of newspaper articles
    • A natural experiment comparing children who had and had not received the intervention

  19. A child adopted at age 2 from a deprived institution shows weaker attachment than a child adopted at 6 months. Which principle does this illustrate?

    • The principle of informed consent
    • The principle of random allocation
    • Sensitive periods, where earlier experiences may have a greater impact on development
    • The principle of counterbalancing in experimental design

  20. A researcher reviews studies of children raised in institutions and finds that children adopted early made better progress than those adopted late. Which conclusion about timing is most appropriate?

    • Early adoption always guarantees full recovery in every child
    • Age at adoption has no relationship to any developmental outcome
    • Late adoption is always beneficial because children are more resilient
    • Timing of placement may be linked to developmental outcomes, though individual differences and quality of care also matter

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