Lesson 7.2.1

7.2.1 Observation, questionnaires, interviews and cross-cultural research Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 7

20 questions

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Lesson 7.2.1, Observation, questionnaires, interviews and cross-cultural research: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 7: Child psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. What is participant observation?

    • The observer completes a questionnaire about the activity
    • The observer takes part in the activity being observed
    • The observer watches from a distance without taking part
    • The observer conducts a structured interview with each child

  2. What is non-participant observation?

    • The observer asks the children to fill in a form
    • The observer watches the behaviour without taking part in the activity
    • The observer joins in the play with the children
    • The observer interviews parents about the children

  3. What is overt observation?

    • Participants are asked to complete a questionnaire
    • Participants are interviewed about their feelings
    • Participants do not know they are being observed
    • Participants know they are being observed

  4. What is covert observation?

    • Participants answer a set of structured questions
    • Participants know the observer is present and agree
    • Participants are asked to rate their own behaviour
    • Participants do not know they are being observed

  5. What is tallying in observation?

    • Asking a child to rank their favourite games
    • Counting how often a behaviour occurs within a set time
    • Recording a child's spoken words in full sentences
    • Measuring the height of each child in centimetres

  6. What is a structured interview?

    • An interview in which a fixed set of questions is asked in the same order to each participant
    • An interview with no set questions at all
    • An interview conducted only through written letters
    • An interview in which the interviewer chooses questions freely

  7. What is social desirability bias?

    • A tendency to answer questions in a foreign language
    • A tendency to give answers that seem socially acceptable rather than honest ones
    • A tendency to refuse to answer any question
    • A tendency to answer only in one-word replies

  8. A researcher watches children in a playground in secret and records behaviour without taking part. What type of observation is this?

    • Cross-cultural questionnaire
    • Overt participant observation
    • Structured interview
    • Covert non-participant observation

  9. A teacher tallies how often children share toys in ten minutes. What kind of data is produced?

    • Qualitative data made up only of narrative description
    • Ethical data about consent forms
    • Cross-cultural data from different countries
    • Quantitative data, which can be analysed statistically

  10. A questionnaire uses rating scales for parents to rate their child's behaviour. What type of data is this?

    • Qualitative data from open discussion
    • Ethical data about consent
    • Quantitative data
    • Longitudinal data from one child over ten years

  11. Why might a researcher use a semi-structured interview with children?

    • It limits the children to yes or no answers
    • It allows flexibility to follow up interesting answers while still covering key topics
    • It ensures that children never say anything unexpected
    • It removes the need for any ethical consent

  12. Which question is most likely to produce socially desirable answers in a questionnaire?

    • Which of these games do you play at breaktime?
    • How long does it take you to walk to school?
    • How many days did you attend school last week?
    • Don't you agree that bullying is always wrong?

  13. Children behave differently during a study because they guess what the researcher wants to find. Which concept does this illustrate?

    • Monotropy
    • Affectionless psychopathy
    • Stratified sampling
    • Demand characteristics

  14. A researcher compares attachment types across three countries at a single time point. What is the main weakness?

    • It cannot use any standard procedure
    • It uses too many countries to analyse
    • It requires no ethical approval at all
    • It is cross-sectional, so it cannot show how attachment develops within the same children

  15. Which principle from the UNCRC (1989) supports children's right to express their views?

    • Children have the right to express their views in matters that affect them
    • Children must always agree with adults in every decision
    • Children have no rights before the age of eighteen
    • Children must not be asked for their opinions in research

  16. What is a key limitation of covert observation in child psychology?

    • It never produces any data at all
    • It raises ethical concerns about deception and invasion of privacy
    • It always produces too much information to analyse
    • It can only be carried out in a laboratory

  17. What is the main trade-off between questionnaires and interviews?

    • Questionnaires always give more depth than interviews
    • Interviews are always quicker and cheaper for everyone
    • Questionnaires are efficient for large samples but may lack depth, while interviews give depth but take more time
    • There is no difference between the two methods

  18. During 12 minutes of observation, 36 sharing acts are tallied. What is the average number of sharing acts per minute?

    • 36
    • 4
    • 3
    • 12

  19. What does a meta-analysis of cross-cultural attachment studies add beyond any single study?

    • It guarantees that every study finds the same result
    • It pools results to assess universality more reliably than one study can
    • It removes the need for any consent from participants
    • It replaces the Strange Situation with a single question

  20. Why are inter-observer reliability checks needed in observational research?

    • Observers only need to be checked if the study is a laboratory experiment
    • Observers never agree on anything in research
    • Reliability checks are only needed for questionnaires
    • Different observers may code behaviour differently, so agreement is needed to show the coding is reliable

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