Lesson 7.1.5

7.1.5 Cross-cultural attachment and nature-nurture Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 7

20 questions

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Lesson 7.1.5, Cross-cultural attachment and nature-nurture: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 7: Child psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which researchers carried out a meta-analysis of cross-cultural Strange Situation studies?

    • Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg
    • Loftus and Palmer
    • Rosenhan and Seligman
    • Baron-Cohen and Frith

  2. Which attachment type was found to be the most common across cultures in cross-cultural research?

    • Type B, secure attachment
    • Type D, disorganised
    • Type C, insecure-resistant
    • Type A, insecure-avoidant

  3. What is the nature-nurture debate in development?

    • Whether two schools of art influenced each other
    • Whether development is shaped mainly by genes or mainly by experience and environment
    • Whether children should be raised at home or in a nursery
    • Whether attachment should be classified into four types

  4. What did cross-cultural studies find about the distribution of attachment types?

    • Only avoidant attachment appears in any culture
    • The proportions vary between countries, though secure attachment is usually the most common type
    • Attachment types cannot be classified in other cultures
    • Every country shows exactly the same proportions of each type

  5. What does the universality of attachment types mean?

    • Attachment types change completely from year to year
    • Attachment types depend only on the infant's diet
    • The same attachment types are found across different cultures
    • Attachment types are only found in one culture

  6. Which finding from the cross-cultural meta-analysis is most important for the debate about culture?

    • Attachment is identical in every infant of every culture
    • Variation within a culture is often greater than variation between cultures
    • Only the Strange Situation can be used to study attachment
    • Culture has no effect on attachment whatsoever

  7. Why is cross-cultural research relevant to the nature-nurture debate?

    • It shows that nature and nurture have no relevance to development
    • It shows that development is random and unrelated to either
    • It proves that nurture is always more important than nature
    • Universal patterns suggest a biological basis, while differences suggest environmental influence

  8. A cross-cultural study finds secure attachment is the most common type in every country studied. Which conclusion is best supported?

    • The pattern suggests a biological basis for secure attachment, though culture may still shape its expression
    • Culture has no influence on any child's development
    • The results cannot be interpreted at all
    • Nature is entirely irrelevant to attachment

  9. In one culture most infants are classified as avoidant. Which cultural factor could contribute to this?

    • A preference for very early bedtimes
    • A high number of cars in the city
    • Child-rearing that emphasises early independence and limits close physical contact
    • A low level of rainfall in the region

  10. In a sample of 200 infants, 130 were classified as secure. What percentage were secure?

    • 35 per cent
    • 13 per cent
    • 65 per cent
    • 70 per cent

  11. Which evidence would most weaken a purely learned account of attachment?

    • A survey of teachers about classroom behaviour
    • Similar attachment patterns appearing across very different cultures and child-rearing practices
    • A single case of an infant with an unusual diet
    • Differences in attachment within a single family

  12. Why must researchers take care when translating the Strange Situation for use across countries?

    • Translation is never needed for research
    • Instructions and procedures must be matched so that results are comparable across cultures
    • Translation makes the infants speak in a new language
    • Translation changes the number of episodes in the procedure

  13. Which term describes a developmental outcome that depends on both an inherited tendency and the environment?

    • Gene-environment interaction
    • Cognitive dissonance
    • Monotropy
    • Operant conditioning

  14. Why does a cross-cultural meta-analysis combine many studies?

    • To reduce the sample to a single individual
    • To guarantee that every study reports the same result
    • To estimate universality with greater statistical power and less influence from any single study
    • To avoid the need for any statistical testing

  15. In a country, 150 infants are classified as 70 per cent Type B, 20 per cent Type A and 10 per cent Type C. How many are Type A?

    • 30
    • 45
    • 15
    • 20

  16. Which argument best supports an interactionist view of attachment development?

    • Attachment is unrelated to any individual difference
    • Attachment is entirely fixed by genes at birth
    • Biological temperament interacts with caregiving to shape the security of the attachment
    • Attachment is entirely learned with no biological input

  17. Is cross-cultural evidence enough to settle the nature-nurture debate about attachment?

    • No, because it shows patterns consistent with both biology and environment but cannot fully separate them
    • Yes, because all cultures are identical
    • Yes, because cross-cultural evidence always proves one side
    • No, because cross-cultural research never produces any data

  18. What limits a cross-cultural meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies?

    • Studies may differ in samples, procedures and translation, so results may not be directly comparable
    • Meta-analyses always require the same infants in every study
    • Meta-analyses can only use studies published in one language
    • Meta-analyses never report averages or percentages

  19. Why might cultural bias threaten cross-cultural research on attachment?

    • Cultural bias has no connection to measurement
    • A measure developed in one culture may not capture meaningful behaviour in another, threatening validity
    • Cultural bias always makes results more accurate
    • Culture bias only affects the number of pages in a report

  20. What is a strength of cross-cultural research on attachment?

    • It helps separate universal patterns from culture-specific ones
    • It avoids the need for any measurement at all
    • It removes all cultural differences from the data
    • It always uses the same infants in every country

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