1.5.1 Reducing CVD risk, CVD treatments and ethics of invertebrate research Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology, Unit 1

The 20 questions

1. Which class of drug lowers blood pressure by increasing urine output?

   • Statins
   • Anticoagulants
   • Platelet inhibitors
   • Diuretics

2. Statins reduce cardiovascular disease risk by lowering blood levels of which substance?

   • Plasma fibrinogen
   • LDL cholesterol
   • Blood glucose
   • HDL cholesterol

3. What is a major risk associated with taking anticoagulant medication?

   • Blood clot formation
   • Increased muscle cramps
   • High blood pressure
   • Excessive bleeding

4. How do platelet inhibitors like aspirin help reduce cardiovascular disease risk?

   • Preventing blood clotting
   • Lowering blood pressure
   • Dissolving existing plaques
   • Reducing cholesterol synthesis

5. What is the main benefit of taking antihypertensive medication?

   • Reduced blood pressure
   • Lower blood cholesterol
   • Decreased urine volume
   • Increased heart rate

6. Which action should a doctor take if a patient experiences statin side effects?

   • Ignore the symptoms
   • Stop all medications
   • Double the dose
   • Evaluate treatment risks

7. Why are antihypertensives and statins often prescribed together?

   • Replacing dietary changes
   • Targeting different risks
   • Increasing drug potency
   • Neutralising side effects

8. Which ethical concern is most relevant when using invertebrates in scientific research?

   • Justifying animal harm
   • High financial cost
   • Genetic modification risks
   • Inability to reproduce

9. Why are Daphnia ideal organisms for investigating heart rate in practical experiments?

   • Transparent body
   • Red blood cells
   • Large body size
   • High body temperature

10. In a Daphnia caffeine investigation, heart rate is counted for 15 seconds and found to be 30 beats. What is the heart rate in beats per minute?

    • 120 beats per minute
    • 2 beats per minute
    • 30 beats per minute
    • 450 beats per minute

11. In a DCPIP vitamin C titration, what indicates the highest vitamin C concentration?

    • Highest solution temperature
    • Largest volume needed
    • Smallest volume needed
    • Darkest blue colour

12. How does vitamin C act as an antioxidant to help lower CVD risk?

    • Increasing blood pressure
    • Blocking liver enzymes
    • Preventing LDL oxidation
    • Dissolving blood clots

13. Which dietary change is most effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

    • Reducing dietary fibre
    • Increasing salt intake
    • Reducing saturated fat
    • Increasing saturated fat

14. A patient has a waist-to-hip ratio of 1.1. Which advice best reduces their CVD risk?

    • Reduce physical activity
    • Increase saturated fat
    • Reduce body fat
    • Increase salt intake

15. Why must CVD drugs undergo long-term clinical trials before widespread medical approval?

    • Assess side effects
    • Speed up sales
    • Reduce drug purity
    • Increase production costs

16. Which term describes using cell cultures instead of living animals in medical research?

    • Reduction
    • Replacement
    • Refinement
    • Replication

17. What is a major ethical advantage of using invertebrates instead of vertebrates in research?

    • Longer life cycles
    • Higher maintenance costs
    • Complex nervous systems
    • Fewer ethical concerns

18. What is the most appropriate evaluation for a CVD claim based on one small uncontrolled study?

    • Evidence is peer-reviewed
    • Evidence is weak
    • Evidence is conclusive
    • Evidence is statistically impossible

19. Why must statin trials record heart attack rates rather than only measuring blood LDL levels?

    • Statins raise LDL
    • LDL is surrogate
    • LDL cannot change
    • LDL causes death

20. What parameter is directly measured when investigating the effect of caffeine on Daphnia?

    • Heart rate
    • Movement speed
    • Body temperature
    • Breathing rate

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