Lesson 1.2.3
1.2.3 Risk factors for cardiovascular disease Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology, Unit 1
20 questions
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Lesson 1.2.3, Risk factors for cardiovascular disease: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Biology (9BI0), Unit 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
- Age
- Physical inactivity
- High salt intake
- Smoking
-
Which dietary factor is most directly linked to raised blood pressure?
- High fibre intake
- High protein intake
- Vitamin C deficiency
- High salt intake
-
Which hormone helps protect pre-menopausal women against cardiovascular disease?
- Insulin
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
- Oestrogen
-
Which key effect of cigarette smoke increases the risk of atherosclerosis?
- Endothelial damage
- Lowered heart rate
- Decreased blood pressure
- Increased HDL levels
-
In a cohort study, 40 of 1000 smokers develop CVD over 10 years, compared with 10 of 1000 non-smokers. What is the relative risk of CVD for smokers?
- 4
- 30
- 3
- 0.25
-
In a 10-year study, 40 of 1000 smokers and 10 of 1000 non-smokers develop CVD. What is the absolute difference in cases per 1000 people?
- 0.3 per 1000 people
- 30 per 1000 people
- 40 per 1000 people
- 4 per 1000 people
-
What type of relationship exists when two variables correlate without proving cause?
- Causation
- Correlation
- Controlled outcome
- Direct mechanism
-
Which non-modifiable factor accounts for inherited cardiovascular risk within families?
- Tobacco exposure
- Genetic makeup
- Exercise frequency
- Dietary habit
-
Replacing saturated fats with which nutrient lowers blood LDL cholesterol levels?
- Trans fats
- Unsaturated fats
- Dietary sodium
- Refined sugars
-
Why does CVD risk in post-menopausal women increase to match men?
- Lowered blood pressure
- Increased progesterone levels
- Reduced blood glucose
- Reduced oestrogen levels
-
Which medical condition increases CVD risk through persistently high blood glucose?
- Haemophilia
- Diabetes
- Osteoporosis
- Anaemia
-
Which lifestyle change helps to directly reduce blood volume and blood pressure?
- Increasing alcohol intake
- Reducing salt intake
- Increasing saturated fat
- Stopping aerobic exercise
-
What term describes unmeasured variables that can distort results in epidemiological studies?
- Confounding variables
- Dependent variables
- Control variables
- Random errors
-
High blood pressure increases CVD risk by causing damage to which vessel layer?
- Tunica externa
- Smooth muscle
- Elastic tissue
- Endothelium
-
Which blood lipid profile is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
- High blood oestrogen
- Low LDL cholesterol
- High LDL cholesterol
- High HDL cholesterol
-
A Body Mass Index (BMI) above 30 indicates which CVD risk factor?
- Anaemia
- Malnutrition
- Hypotension
- Obesity
-
What specific risk measurement does waist-to-hip ratio assess better than BMI alone?
- Bone density
- Body fat distribution
- Total muscle mass
- Total body water
-
How is a Body Mass Index (BMI) value of 32 classified?
- Normal weight
- Obese
- Overweight
- Underweight
-
Which component of cigarette smoke binds irreversibly to haemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport?
- Carbon monoxide
- Particulates
- Tar
- Nicotine
-
In a population of 1000 people, 200 are inactive and 40 of them develop CVD over ten years. Among 800 active people, 20 develop CVD. What is the relative risk of CVD for the inactive group compared with the active group?
- 10
- 2
- 8
- 0.5
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