Lesson 1.2.1
1.2.1 Atherosclerosis and its course of events Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology, Unit 1
20 questions
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Lesson 1.2.1, Atherosclerosis and its course of events: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Biology (9BI0), Unit 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
What is the initial event in the development of atherosclerosis?
- Foam cell formation
- Plaque rupture
- Blood clot formation
- Endothelial damage
-
Which white blood cells engulf lipids to become foam cells in an atheroma?
- Platelets
- Macrophages
- Lymphocytes
- Red blood cells
-
Which blood component carries cholesterol to body tissues and increases atherosclerosis risk?
- Triglycerides
- Glycogen
- High-density lipoprotein
- Low-density lipoprotein
-
What structure covers the lipid-rich core of a mature atherosclerotic plaque?
- Fibrous cap
- Endothelial layer
- Blood clot
- Fatty streak
-
How does high blood pressure directly increase the risk of atherosclerosis?
- Decreases heart rate
- Lowers blood cholesterol
- Prevents clot formation
- Damages endothelial lining
-
If an artery radius is halved, blood flow decreases to what fraction of original flow?
- One quarter
- One half
- One eighth
- One sixteenth
-
What dangerous event occurs if the fibrous cap of an atheroma ruptures?
- Blood pressure drops
- Artery dilates
- Blood clot forms
- Cholesterol dissolves
-
Which cell type migrates into the inner artery wall layer and proliferates during plaque growth?
- Endothelial cells
- Smooth muscle cells
- Platelets
- Red blood cells
-
What term describes a disease like atherosclerosis that develops slowly over many years?
- Congenital
- Infectious
- Chronic
- Acute
-
Which process directly causes a blockage in a coronary artery after plaque rupture?
- Embolism
- Thrombosis
- Inflammation
- Proliferation
-
Which inner layer of an artery wall is damaged during the first stage of atherosclerosis?
- Tunica externa
- Smooth muscle
- Endothelium
- Tunica media
-
Higher LDL cholesterol levels are associated with increased arterial plaque. What type of relationship is this?
- Hypothesis
- Correlation
- Causation
- Control
-
What type of cell becomes a foam cell after engulfing oxidised LDL cholesterol?
- Endothelial cell
- Macrophage
- Neutrophil
- Red blood cell
-
Which factor increases atherosclerosis risk by causing mechanical damage to the arterial endothelium?
- Low blood pressure
- Low blood glucose
- High HDL level
- High blood pressure
-
Which signalling molecules are released at damaged endothelium to attract white blood cells?
- Cytokines
- Histamines
- Antibodies
- Hormones
-
Which structure forms a protective layer over the lipid-rich core in a mature atheroma?
- Endothelial lining
- Fibrous cap
- Fatty streak
- Collagen sheath
-
How does toxin exposure from cigarette smoke directly increase the risk of atherosclerosis?
- Damages the endothelium
- Inhibits cell division
- Decreases blood pressure
- Increases HDL cholesterol
-
Which immune cells accumulate in damaged artery walls to trigger early inflammation in atherosclerosis?
- Endothelial cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Red blood cells
-
According to Poiseuille's law, reducing arterial radius has what effect on blood flow rate?
- Small decrease
- Large increase
- No effect
- Large decrease
-
Which cell type migrates and proliferates to build the fibrous cap over a fatty streak?
- Epithelial cells
- Smooth muscle cells
- Platelets
- Red blood cells
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