Lesson 1.1.1

1.1.1 Laboratory, field and quasi experiments Quiz: OCR Psychology, Unit 1

20 questions

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Lesson 1.1.1, Laboratory, field and quasi experiments: 20 multiple choice questions for the OCR Psychology (H567), Unit 1: Research methods (Component 01), written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. How is the independent variable established in a quasi-experiment?

    • Double-blinded
    • Randomly assigned
    • Artificially manipulated
    • Naturally occurring

  2. What feature is missing in a quasi-experiment compared to true experiments?

    • Standardised procedure
    • Empirical observation
    • Dependent variable
    • Random allocation

  3. Which type of validity is generally highest in field experiments?

    • Ecological validity
    • Internal validity
    • Construct validity
    • Population validity

  4. What term describes participants changing behaviour after guessing the experiment's aim?

    • Demand characteristics
    • Social desirability
    • Investigator effects
    • Placebo effect

  5. An unexpected loud noise distracts participants during a street experiment. What variable is this?

    • Confounding variable
    • Independent variable
    • Extraneous variable
    • Dependent variable

  6. Using identical instructions for every participant across all conditions is an example of what?

    • Counterbalancing
    • Randomisation
    • Operationalisation
    • Standardisation

  7. Flipping a coin to assign participants to experimental conditions is an example of what?

    • Stratified sampling
    • Random allocation
    • Counterbalancing
    • Opportunity sampling

  8. Why can researchers not definitively establish cause and effect in quasi-experiments?

    • Demand characteristics
    • Pre-existing groups
    • Low ecological validity
    • Small sample sizes

  9. Which ethical issue is particularly difficult to manage in field experiments?

    • Informed consent
    • Confidentiality
    • Protection from harm
    • Right to withdraw

  10. What factor most severely threatens the internal validity of natural experiments?

    • High mundane realism
    • Observer bias
    • Lack of control
    • Demand characteristics

  11. A psychologist tests whether noise level affects reading comprehension score. What is the reading score?

    • Confounding variable
    • Independent variable
    • Dependent variable
    • Extraneous variable

  12. Which term describes how closely an experimental task mirrors real-life everyday activities?

    • Temporal validity
    • Ecological validity
    • Internal validity
    • Mundane realism

  13. What technique prevents investigator effects by ensuring neither researcher nor participant knows the experimental condition?

    • Single-blind study
    • Double-blind study
    • Standardised instructions
    • Random allocation

  14. An uncontrolled variable that systematically changes alongside the independent variable is known as what?

    • Confounding variable
    • Dependent variable
    • Extraneous variable
    • Participant variable

  15. Which experimental control keeps participants unaware of the true aim of a study to reduce demand characteristics?

    • Double-blind technique
    • Counterbalancing
    • Single-blind technique
    • Randomisation

  16. Who or what manipulates the independent variable in a natural experiment?

    • Natural events
    • The participant
    • The researcher
    • The confederate

  17. Individual differences between participants, such as age or intelligence, are known as what?

    • Participant variables
    • Confounding variables
    • Dependent variables
    • Situational variables

  18. In a natural experiment, what brings about the change in the independent variable?

    • Experimenter manipulation
    • Participant choice
    • Naturally occurring event
    • Random participant selection

  19. What threat to validity occurs when participants perform better in a second condition due to practice?

    • Social desirability
    • Hawthorne effect
    • Investigator effect
    • Order effect

  20. A psychologist pairs participants on IQ before placing one in each condition. What experimental design is this?

    • Independent measures
    • Matched pairs
    • Single sample
    • Repeated measures

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