3.2.3.2.1 Basal metabolic rate and physical activity level Quiz: AQA Food Preparation and Nutrition, Unit 1

The 20 questions

1. What does basal metabolic rate (BMR) mean?

   • The energy used during a vigorous workout at the gym or in sport
   • The energy stored in the body as fat for use during long fasts
   • The energy the body uses at rest to keep vital functions going
   • The energy taken in from a meal, measured in kilojoules per serving

2. Which factor increases a person's basal metabolic rate?

   • A slower rate of growth in childhood and teenage years
   • A lower level of physical activity over the day
   • A larger amount of lean muscle mass
   • A larger amount of body fat stored under the skin

3. Which factor is most likely to lower a person's BMR?

   • Being very physically active each day
   • Being pregnant and needing extra energy
   • Ageing, which reduces muscle mass
   • Growing rapidly during adolescence

4. What is physical activity level (PAL)?

   • A number used to multiply BMR to estimate the total daily energy needed
   • A measure of the amount of protein stored in the muscles after training
   • A measure of the amount of vitamin D made in the skin in sunlight
   • A measure of the amount of water a person drinks in a typical day

5. A person has a BMR of 1,500 kcal and a PAL of 1.5. What is their estimated daily energy need?

   • 3,000 kcal
   • 1,000 kcal
   • 1,500 kcal
   • 2,250 kcal

6. Which factor affects BMR as well as age and gender?

   • The colour of the food eaten during the day
   • Body composition, particularly the proportion of muscle to fat
   • The number of books read each week by the person
   • The time of year and the number of hours of daylight

7. Why is it important to consider energy needs when planning a meal for an older adult?

   • Older adults have no energy needs, so meals should contain only water
   • Older adults have the same energy needs as teenagers, so portions should match
   • Older adults usually need less energy, so portion sizes should be adjusted
   • Older adults usually need more energy, so portions should be much larger than normal

8. Which of these activities would give the highest PAL value?

   • Watching television in the evening with no exercise
   • A job that involves heavy manual labour all day
   • A job that is mostly sitting at a desk
   • Sleeping for most of the day with no movement

9. Which description of energy balance is correct?

   • Energy in from food has no link with the energy used by the body
   • Energy in from food is always less than energy used, so weight stays steady
   • Energy in from food matches the total energy used, so weight stays steady
   • Energy in from food is always greater than energy used, so weight stays steady

10. Which group is likely to have a higher BMR than an adult woman of the same age?

    • A woman who is pregnant, who needs less energy than usual
    • An adult man of the same age, who usually has less lean muscle mass
    • An adult man of the same age, who usually has more lean muscle mass
    • A woman who is older, who needs more energy than usual

11. Explain why a teenager's energy requirement is higher than an adult's of the same weight.

    • Teenagers have a lower BMR, which means they burn more energy than adults
    • Teenagers have a higher BMR only because they drink more water than adults
    • Teenagers are growing and usually more active, so their energy needs are higher
    • Teenagers have no need for energy, since growth uses energy from stored protein

12. A student's BMR is 1,400 kcal and their PAL is 1.7. Which is the closest estimate of total daily energy?

    • 1,700 kcal
    • 1,400 kcal
    • 3,100 kcal
    • 2,380 kcal

13. Which statement about BMR and muscle is accurate?

    • Muscle has no effect on energy use, since only the brain uses energy at rest
    • Muscle and fat use the same energy at rest, so muscle mass does not affect BMR
    • Fat burns more energy at rest than muscle, so more fat means a higher BMR
    • Muscle burns more energy at rest than fat, so more muscle means a higher BMR

14. A person has a BMR of 1,800 kcal and a PAL of 1.4. Which is their estimated daily energy need?

    • 3,200 kcal
    • 1,400 kcal
    • 2,520 kcal
    • 1,800 kcal

15. Which of these would most change a person's energy needs over time?

    • A change in the time of day at which the person eats breakfast, such as eating it later
    • A change in the colour of the walls in the kitchen at home, which is a cosmetic update
    • A major change in activity level, such as taking up a physically demanding job
    • A change in the number of pets kept at home by the family, such as adopting a dog

16. Which description of BMR is least accurate?

    • It is the minimum energy needed to keep the heart and lungs working
    • It is the energy used at rest to keep the body's vital functions working
    • It is the energy used during a workout and is measured during exercise
    • It is the energy used by the body when it is resting and fasting

17. Explain how a change in PAL affects a person's total energy requirement.

    • A higher PAL removes the need for food, since activity supplies the energy
    • A higher PAL divides BMR by a larger value, so the total energy need decreases
    • A higher PAL has no effect on total energy need, because only BMR is used
    • A higher PAL multiplies BMR by a larger value, so the total energy need increases

18. A person has a BMR of 1,200 kcal and a PAL of 1.8. What is their estimated daily energy need?

    • 1,200 kcal
    • 2,160 kcal
    • 1,800 kcal
    • 3,000 kcal

19. Which description of physical activity level (PAL) is accurate?

    • A measure of the amount of water a person loses through breathing
    • A multiplier that reflects how active a person's typical day is
    • A fixed number of kilojoules that every person must eat daily
    • A measure of the body's stored protein that is used in exercise

20. Why is a student with a sedentary job likely to have a lower PAL than a labourer?

    • Less daily movement means less energy is used above the BMR
    • Less daily movement means the student needs more protein than the labourer
    • Less daily movement means the BMR is higher than normal for that person
    • Less daily movement means the student stores more vitamin D in the skin

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