3.2.2.2 Minerals: calcium, iron, sodium, fluoride, iodine and phosphorus Quiz: AQA Food Preparation and Nutrition, Unit 1

The 20 questions

1. Which mineral is needed for healthy bones and teeth and is found in dairy foods?

   • Calcium
   • Iodine
   • Iron
   • Fluoride

2. Which mineral is needed to make haemoglobin in red blood cells?

   • Phosphorus
   • Iron
   • Sodium
   • Calcium

3. What is a main dietary source of iron?

   • Fizzy drinks, squash and fruit juices, which are rich in iron
   • Sugary sweets, cakes and biscuits, which provide iron for growth
   • Butter, cream and full-fat cheese, which are rich sources of iron
   • Red meat, fortified cereals and green leafy vegetables

4. Which mineral is needed for the production of thyroid hormones?

   • Sodium
   • Calcium
   • Fluoride
   • Iodine

5. Which mineral helps to strengthen tooth enamel and is found in drinking water in some areas?

   • Fluoride
   • Phosphorus
   • Iodine
   • Sodium

6. A student eats a meal containing lentils and spinach. Which change would improve iron absorption from this meal?

   • Adding a source of vitamin C, such as orange juice or red peppers
   • Adding extra butter to the meal to help the iron dissolve more easily
   • Adding more milk to the meal, since calcium is known to help iron absorption
   • Adding extra salt to the meal to help the iron bind to the cells

7. Why is too much sodium in the diet a concern for health?

   • It is linked with tooth decay caused by bacteria feeding on the salt
   • It is linked with high blood pressure and an increased risk of coronary heart disease
   • It is linked with weak bones caused by a lack of calcium absorption
   • It is linked with iron deficiency anaemia and tiredness in most people

8. Which mineral is a main part of the bones and teeth, along with calcium?

   • Phosphorus
   • Fluoride
   • Iodine
   • Sodium

9. Which of these is a good way to reduce the salt in a recipe?

   • Replacing some salt with herbs and spices to add flavour
   • Adding soy sauce and salted butter to increase the flavour of the dish
   • Adding extra stock cubes to improve the savoury taste of the dish
   • Adding extra bacon and cheese to make the dish richer in flavour

10. Which mineral is needed for healthy nerves and muscles and is found mainly in table salt and processed foods?

    • Calcium
    • Phosphorus
    • Sodium
    • Iodine

11. A recipe uses milk to make a white sauce. Which mineral is the sauce providing?

    • Fluoride
    • Iron
    • Iodine
    • Calcium

12. Explain why a student should include a source of iron and a source of vitamin C in the same meal.

    • Vitamin C is the main source of iron in the diet, so both must be eaten together
    • Vitamin C turns iron into calcium, which then strengthens the bones and teeth
    • Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron from plant foods, so the two work together
    • Vitamin C stops the body absorbing iron, so the two must be eaten at different meals

13. Which mineral is needed for the formation of strong teeth and is found in tea and seafood?

    • Sodium
    • Calcium
    • Fluoride
    • Iron

14. What is the main dietary source of calcium for adults?

    • Wholemeal bread and pasta
    • Red meat and liver
    • Oranges and kiwi fruit
    • Milk, cheese and yogurt

15. A student has a diet low in dairy foods. Which mineral is most at risk of being too low?

    • Sodium
    • Iron
    • Calcium
    • Iodine

16. Which of these foods is the richest source of iodine in the diet?

    • Carrots, peppers and oranges
    • Nuts and dried apricots
    • Pasta and wholemeal bread
    • Seafood and dairy products

17. Which mineral is usually found in higher amounts in processed foods than in fresh foods?

    • Iron
    • Calcium
    • Sodium
    • Fluoride

18. Which mineral is needed for the production of haemoglobin and is found in lean red meat and fortified breakfast cereals?

    • Iodine
    • Iron
    • Phosphorus
    • Fluoride

19. Which statement about the effect of too little iron in the diet is accurate?

    • It can lead to iron deficiency anaemia, causing tiredness and pale skin
    • It can lead to night blindness, which causes poor vision in dim light
    • It can lead to rickets, which causes softened and weakened bones
    • It can lead to scurvy, which causes bleeding gums and slow wound healing

20. Explain why a diet that is too high in sodium can affect blood pressure.

    • Sodium thins the blood, which reduces the pressure in the arteries and veins
    • Sodium blocks the flow of blood to the heart, so the heart works harder to pump
    • Sodium pulls water into the blood, increasing the volume and so raising blood pressure
    • Sodium is converted into fat in the arteries, which narrows the blood vessels slightly

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