Lesson 9.3.2

9.3.2 Culture, gender, nature-nurture, development and social control Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 9

20 questions

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Lesson 9.3.2, Culture, gender, nature-nurture, development and social control: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 9: Psychological skills, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. What is meant by the term 'culture' as used in the issues of culture and gender in psychology?

    • Shared beliefs, values and customs of a group that can influence behaviour
    • The biological inheritance passed from parents to child
    • The language spoken in a laboratory
    • The number of people living in one area

  2. Which issue arises when a theory developed in one culture is applied to people from a different culture without modification?

    • Reliability of a test
    • Privation of attachment
    • Standard deviation error
    • Ethnocentrism or cultural bias

  3. Which gender bias is present when psychological research uses only male participants and then claims the findings apply to humans in general?

    • Ceiling effect
    • Demand characteristics
    • Monotropy
    • Androcentrism

  4. Which issue relates to the nature-nurture debate in child development?

    • Whether a questionnaire should be open or closed
    • Whether developmental differences are caused by genetic inheritance or by environmental experience
    • Whether a laboratory or field study is used
    • Whether the sample should be random or volunteer

  5. Which social control issue is raised when psychological knowledge is used to influence people's behaviour, for example in advertising or policy?

    • The use of a double-blind procedure
    • The ethical responsibility of those who use psychology to limit or guide behaviour
    • The question of whether the study had a control group
    • The number of conditions in the experiment

  6. Which statement about the use of psychology in society is most accurate?

    • Psychological knowledge is always harmful to society
    • Psychological knowledge can be used to benefit people, but it can also be misused to manipulate them
    • Psychological knowledge can only be used by governments
    • Psychology has no influence on society

  7. Which concept describes the idea that development is shaped by an interaction of genes and environment, and that development occurs across the lifespan?

    • Privation only
    • Developmental psychology with an interactionist view of nature and nurture
    • Monotropy in infancy only
    • Operant conditioning only

  8. Which statement about the role of gender in drug misuse research is most accurate?

    • Gender only affects drug use in animals
    • Gender has no effect on drug use in any society
    • Gender differences in drug use can reflect both biological and social factors, such as social norms about risk
    • Gender differences are always caused by genes alone

  9. A researcher argues that a finding in one culture cannot be assumed to apply to another. Which issue is this?

    • Random allocation of participants
    • Culture and the generalisability of findings across cultures
    • Reliability of inter-observer agreement
    • Dependent variable operationalisation

  10. Which ethical concern is linked to social control in psychology?

    • Debriefing participants after a study
    • Using research findings to shape behaviour without people's informed agreement
    • Publishing results in a peer-reviewed journal
    • Collecting data from participants who have consented

  11. Which statement about developmental psychology and social learning is most accurate?

    • Children learn social behaviours through observing and imitating models, which can include aggressive or prosocial behaviour
    • Children's behaviour is fixed at birth and cannot change
    • Children never learn from observing others
    • Social learning only applies to adults

  12. Which evaluation point links gender bias to the validity of psychological research?

    • If one gender is excluded, findings may not be valid for the whole population
    • Gender bias has no effect on any conclusion
    • Validity is unrelated to the sample
    • Gender bias improves the validity of research

  13. Which key question is most relevant to the issue of nature-nurture in drug misuse?

    • Whether animals should be used in research
    • Which statistical test should be used with ordinal data
    • To what extent is drug misuse explained by genetic predisposition compared with environmental influences such as peers
    • Whether a questionnaire should be piloted

  14. Which statement about cultural bias in psychological measures is most valid?

    • Measures are always culturally neutral
    • Measures developed in one culture may misjudge behaviour in another culture where the same behaviour has a different meaning
    • Cultural bias only affects qualitative research
    • Measures cannot be used in any culture

  15. Why might gender differences in aggression be explained by social control and social learning?

    • Girls are biologically unable to be aggressive
    • Social norms and expectations can teach boys and girls different ways to express or suppress aggression
    • Boys are socially prohibited from all aggression
    • Aggression is unaffected by social learning in any gender

  16. Which statement best describes the issue of social control in child psychology?

    • Social control has no relevance to child psychology
    • Research findings about parenting or schooling may be used to influence how children are raised, raising ethical questions about who decides
    • Social control means children are never influenced by adults
    • Social control refers only to laboratory procedures

  17. Which argument is the strongest case for the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate in attachment research?

    • Attachment is unrelated to care experiences
    • All children show identical attachment patterns in every setting
    • Attachment is genetically determined with no environmental effects
    • Differences in attachment patterns across cultures and between children with different care histories

  18. Which statement best captures the view that psychology should consider gender and culture in its research?

    • Gender and culture never affect behaviour
    • Culture and gender should be removed from all research
    • Only one group of people needs to be studied
    • Ignoring gender and culture can make findings invalid for many people, so both must be included in design and interpretation

  19. Which combination of issues is most relevant to a critique of a parenting intervention based on a study of one culture and only mothers?

    • Monotropy and privation only
    • Cultural bias and androcentrism, together with questions about generalisability
    • Operant conditioning and aversion therapy only
    • Standard deviation and range only

  20. Which statement best describes the issue of socially sensitive research?

    • Research that is always conducted in private homes
    • Research that uses only sensitive equipment such as brain scanners
    • Research that avoids all contact with participants
    • Research whose findings could be used to stigmatise or disadvantage groups, so researchers must weigh its potential impact

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