Lesson 9.2.1

9.2.1 Synoptic review of classic studies across topics Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 9

20 questions

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Lesson 9.2.1, Synoptic review of classic studies across topics: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 9: Psychological skills, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. In Bandura's Bobo doll study, what did children who watched an adult model act aggressively towards the doll tend to do?

    • Become more withdrawn and avoid the playroom
    • Show no change in behaviour compared with a control group
    • Ignore the doll because the model was an adult
    • Imitate the aggressive behaviour, supporting observational learning

  2. Which key variable was manipulated in Bandura's Bobo doll study?

    • The colour of the doll
    • The age of the children at the end of the study
    • The number of toys in the room
    • Whether the model behaved aggressively or non-aggressively

  3. In Milgram's (1963) obedience study, what percentage of participants in the baseline condition continued to the maximum shock level of 450 volts?

    • 65 per cent
    • 10 per cent
    • 90 per cent
    • 25 per cent

  4. Which ethical issue is most associated with Milgram's (1963) obedience study?

    • Use of a repeated measures design only
    • Deception and psychological distress of participants
    • Use of animal participants
    • Lack of any control group

  5. In Asch's (1951) study of conformity, what did participants do on a proportion of critical trials?

    • Refuse to answer every question
    • Leave the room before the task began
    • Give an incorrect answer to match the majority
    • Answer correctly every time regardless of the group

  6. What did Asch's (1951) study show about the effect of a single dissenting confederate on conformity?

    • Conformity fell substantially when one other person gave the correct answer
    • Conformity increased when one other person gave the correct answer
    • Conformity had no relationship to the presence of other people
    • Participants always conformed regardless of the number of confederates

  7. In Loftus and Palmer's (1974) study, what was varied to test the effect of wording on memory?

    • The time between the study and the test in every condition only
    • The colour of the cars in the film
    • The gender of the participants
    • The verb used in a question about a car crash, such as smashed or hit

  8. What did Loftus and Palmer (1974) conclude about the reconstructive nature of memory?

    • Leading questions can alter the way an event is remembered
    • Memory can only be tested with direct recall of a single word
    • Memory is always accurate once an event has been witnessed
    • Memory is unaffected by wording of questions

  9. Which research method did Rosenhan (1973) use in his study of psychiatric diagnosis?

    • Cross-cultural meta-analysis
    • Laboratory experiment with rats
    • Longitudinal study of adopted children
    • Covert field study in which pseudopatients entered psychiatric hospitals

  10. Which key ethical concern is most often raised about Rosenhan's (1973) study?

    • The lack of any data collection
    • Deception of staff and possible harm to the hospitals and staff involved
    • The use of a control group
    • The use of animals in the study

  11. Which classic study is most closely linked to the biological explanation of drug addiction through reward systems?

    • Asch (1951)
    • Loftus and Palmer (1974)
    • Rosenhan (1973)
    • Olds and Milner (1954)

  12. Which classic study is most useful as a synoptic link between child psychology and social influence?

    • Olds and Milner's rat experiment
    • Bandura's Bobo doll study, which links observation of models to behaviour in children
    • Asch's study of line judgements alone
    • Rosenhan's hospital study alone

  13. Which methodological issue is common to several classic studies, such as Milgram (1963) and Bandura (1961)?

    • Artificial laboratory settings that may limit ecological validity
    • Use of only qualitative data
    • Use of large-scale longitudinal surveys
    • Use of cross-cultural meta-analysis

  14. Which evaluation point about classic studies is most valid?

    • They can only be assessed with biological measures
    • They are always wrong and should be ignored
    • They established key findings but may have ethical or methodological limitations that modern research addresses
    • They have no effect on later psychological research

  15. Which concept is best illustrated by the finding that people went along with an incorrect group answer in Asch's study?

    • Normative social influence
    • Privation
    • Classical conditioning
    • Monotropic attachment

  16. Which concept is best illustrated by Loftus and Palmer's finding that the verb 'smashed' led to higher speed estimates?

    • Attachment security
    • Operant conditioning through reinforcement
    • Genetic predisposition
    • Reconstructive memory influenced by leading questions

  17. Which classic study would best support a claim that the environment can influence whether someone is labelled as mentally ill?

    • Loftus and Palmer (1974)
    • Rosenhan (1973)
    • Bandura (1961)
    • Olds and Milner (1954)

  18. A synoptic question asks how Milgram (1963) and Asch (1951) both demonstrate social influence. Which shared point is most accurate?

    • Both show that social influence never affects behaviour
    • Both used a repeated measures design with rats
    • Both show that people may change their behaviour under the influence of others
    • Both used animal participants

  19. Which statement best describes the value of synoptic review in psychology?

    • It focuses on a single study with no comparison
    • It requires the use of only one topic area
    • It connects concepts and methods across topics, showing how ideas from different areas relate
    • It replaces the need for empirical evidence

  20. Which key issue would a synoptic evaluation of Bandura (1961) and Milgram (1963) most likely raise?

    • The use of a cross-cultural meta-analysis in both
    • The absence of any measurement in either study
    • Ethical issues such as deception and the potential for harm to child and adult participants
    • The use of animal models in both studies

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