Lesson 9.1.6

9.1.6 Methodological issues, qualitative analysis and published research Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 9

20 questions

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Lesson 9.1.6, Methodological issues, qualitative analysis and published research: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 9: Psychological skills, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which type of validity refers to whether the results of a study can be attributed to the independent variable rather than to confounding factors?

    • Face validity only
    • Internal validity
    • Predictive validity
    • External validity

  2. Ecological validity is best described as:

    • The extent to which a researcher's bias affects results
    • The extent to which a sample is randomly selected
    • The extent to which a test is consistent over time
    • The extent to which findings can be generalised to real-life settings

  3. Which type of validity is shown when a test predicts a later outcome, such as a school entrance test predicting later academic performance?

    • Ecological validity
    • Reliability
    • Predictive validity
    • Internal validity

  4. Test-retest reliability refers to:

    • Whether a sample represents the population
    • Consistency of a measure when the same test is given to the same people on two occasions
    • Whether a study measures the intended concept
    • Consistency between different raters scoring the same behaviour

  5. Inter-rater reliability is shown when:

    • A questionnaire is given to two different samples
    • A sample is randomly allocated to two groups
    • Two observers record the same behaviour and produce similar results
    • The same observer records the same behaviour twice with different results

  6. Which term refers to the extent to which findings from a sample can be applied to a wider population?

    • Generalisability
    • Objectivity
    • Credibility
    • Operationalisation

  7. What is researcher bias?

    • Systematic influence of the researcher's expectations or interpretations on the research process or results
    • A random error in measurement
    • A statistical error when a p value is misreported
    • A participant's tendency to give socially desirable answers

  8. Which approach increases the objectivity of observational research?

    • Telling observers the hypothesis before the study
    • Using a clearly defined behavioural checklist and training observers
    • Allowing observers to record their own interpretations of motives
    • Using a single observer to avoid inter-observer disagreement

  9. In thematic analysis, what is a theme?

    • The most frequent word in a transcript
    • A numerical score given to each interview
    • A pattern of meaning across the data that captures something important in relation to the research question
    • The statistical test used to analyse the data

  10. Which statement about grounded theory is accurate?

    • Grounded theory uses only quantitative data
    • Theory is fixed before any data are collected and then tested
    • Theory is developed from the data through repeated coding and comparison, rather than tested from a predefined hypothesis
    • Grounded theory cannot generate new theory

  11. What is credibility in qualitative research?

    • The use of statistical tests to report significance
    • The trustworthiness of findings, supported by methods such as participant checking and reflexivity
    • The extent to which the researcher is unaware of the aims
    • The number of participants in the study

  12. Which section of a published psychology report presents the aims and hypotheses of the study?

    • Results
    • Abstract only
    • Discussion
    • Introduction

  13. Which section of a published report summarises the method, results and conclusion in a short overview?

    • Abstract
    • References
    • Acknowledgements
    • Appendix

  14. What is the purpose of peer review in psychological research?

    • To ensure that the study uses a laboratory setting
    • To make sure the researcher gets paid for the study
    • To have experts evaluate a study's quality and validity before it is published
    • To select the participants for the study

  15. Which section of a report discusses how the findings relate to previous research and considers limitations?

    • Discussion
    • Aims
    • Method
    • Abstract

  16. A qualitative researcher keeps a reflexive journal recording their own assumptions. What is the main purpose?

    • To make the influence of the researcher's perspective on the analysis transparent
    • To calculate a statistical significance level
    • To increase the number of participants
    • To remove the need for any data analysis

  17. Which method improves the credibility of thematic analysis findings?

    • Removing all quotations from the report
    • Using only one coder with no discussion
    • Analysing only the first interview
    • Participant validation, where participants check whether the themes reflect their experiences

  18. A study found a result in a laboratory with students. A critic says the finding may not apply to older adults in their homes. Which concept is being criticised?

    • Inter-rater reliability
    • Peer review
    • Operationalisation of the dependent variable
    • Generalisability and ecological validity

  19. Which statement about reliability and validity is correct?

    • Neither reliability nor validity matters in psychology
    • A test can be valid without being reliable, but it cannot be reliable without being valid
    • Reliability and validity are always identical
    • A test can be reliable without being valid, but it cannot be valid without being reliable

  20. A researcher's interpretation of interview data is strongly shaped by their own beliefs about drug use. Which issue does this reflect?

    • Objectivity, through inter-rater reliability
    • Subjectivity, through researcher bias
    • Random sampling error
    • Internal validity of a laboratory experiment

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