2F.2.3 Redefining resistance and challenges to National Party power, 1968–83 Quiz: Pearson Edexcel History, Unit 6

The 20 questions

1. Which student organisation was founded in 1968 under the leadership of Steve Biko?

   • NUSAS
   • COSATU
   • UDF
   • SASO

2. What core concept was advocated by Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement?

   • Black self-reliance
   • Separate development
   • Armed revolution
   • Pass compliance

3. What enforced educational policy triggered the Soweto uprising of June 1976?

   • Higher tuition fees
   • Teacher wage cuts
   • Segregated schools
   • Mandatory Afrikaans teaching

4. In what manner did Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko die in September 1977?

   • In police custody
   • In prison execution
   • In exile
   • In a shootout

5. Who led the ANC in exile in the 1970s and 1980s and helped keep its organisation alive?

   • Robert Sobukwe
   • Steve Biko
   • Oliver Tambo
   • Hendrik Verwoerd

6. Which international group campaigned globally for economic sanctions against apartheid South Africa?

   • Non-Aligned Movement
   • Anti-Apartheid Movement
   • Commonwealth Secretariat
   • Pan-African Congress

7. What mandatory restriction did the UN Security Council place on South Africa in 1977?

   • Oil blockade
   • Trade ban
   • Financial freeze
   • Arms embargo

8. Which Afrikaner leader became prime minister in 1978 and began a 'total strategy' to defend apartheid?

   • P. W. Botha
   • F. W. de Klerk
   • Jan Smuts
   • Hendrik Verwoerd

9. Which 1978 scandal involving secret government propaganda funds led to John Vorster's resignation?

   • Muldergate Trial
   • Broederbond Scandal
   • Information Scandal
   • Soweto Enquiry

10. What was a major cause of unrest within South Africa's Bantustans in the 1970s?

    • Homeland corruption
    • Urban overcrowding
    • Foreign military aid
    • Land redistribution

11. Which two countries gained independence from Portugal in 1974–75, altering southern Africa's balance of power?

    • Zambia and Malawi
    • Botswana and Lesotho
    • Zimbabwe and Namibia
    • Mozambique and Angola

12. Which 1977 agreement committed Commonwealth nations to discouraging sporting contacts with South Africa?

    • Pretoria Accord
    • Lusaka Manifesto
    • Gleneagles Agreement
    • Harare Declaration

13. Which anti-apartheid organisation was formed in 1983 to coordinate hundreds of grassroots groups?

    • United Democratic Front
    • Pan Africanist Congress
    • African National Congress
    • Inkatha Freedom Party

14. Which movement grew rapidly in the 1970s, strengthening black labour resistance against apartheid?

    • Political parties
    • Homeland militias
    • Trade unions
    • Student councils

15. In which year was Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko killed in police custody?

    • 1976
    • 1980
    • 1977
    • 1974

16. What term describes P. W. Botha's policy of combined reform and repression introduced around 1979?

    • Total Strategy
    • Grand Apartheid
    • Constructive Engagement
    • Separate Development

17. What is the correct chronological order of these anti-apartheid developments?

    • Soweto, SASO, UDF
    • SASO, UDF, Soweto
    • SASO, Soweto, UDF
    • UDF, SASO, Soweto

18. In which township did the 1976 student uprising against Afrikaans medium instruction begin?

    • Sharpeville
    • Boipatong
    • Langa
    • Soweto

19. Which 1976 event caused an international outcry because police opened fire on students?

    • The Rivonia raid
    • The Soweto uprising
    • The Sharpeville massacre
    • The Defiance Campaign

20. Which movement founded the Black Peoples Convention in 1972 as its political wing?

    • African National Congress
    • Pan Africanist Congress
    • Inkatha Freedom Party
    • Black Consciousness Movement

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