2F.2.4 The end of apartheid and the creation of the 'rainbow nation', 1984–94 Quiz: Pearson Edexcel History, Unit 6

The 20 questions

1. What was the name of P. W. Botha's 1985 speech that rejected fundamental apartheid reforms?

   • Rivonia speech
   • Wind of Change
   • Rubicon speech
   • Blood River address

2. Which government policy of the 1980s was designed to defend apartheid through a combined military and political approach?

   • New Economic System
   • Open-door policy
   • Federal reform
   • Total strategy

3. Which economic tactic did the UDF use extensively to challenge apartheid authorities in townships?

   • Electoral participation
   • Consumer boycotts
   • Armed border raids
   • Currency speculation

4. Which power did the South African government gain by declaring a State of Emergency in 1986?

   • Mandatory conscription
   • Detention without trial
   • Legalisation of ANC
   • Compulsory voting

5. Which international economic pressure severely impacted the South African economy in the mid-1980s?

   • Postal blockades
   • Territorial annexation
   • Economic sanctions
   • Military invasion

6. Which South African President unbanned the ANC and released Nelson Mandela in February 1990?

   • P. W. Botha
   • B. J. Vorster
   • Thabo Mbeki
   • F. W. de Klerk

7. When was Nelson Mandela released from prison?

   • 11 February 1990
   • 27 April 1994
   • 16 June 1976
   • 21 March 1960

8. What type of body was CODESA when it first met in 1991?

   • Parliamentary committee
   • Negotiating forum
   • Trade union federation
   • Military alliance

9. Which 1992 township massacre temporarily halted constitutional negotiations in South Africa?

   • Sharpeville massacre
   • Boipatong massacre
   • Soweto uprising
   • Bisho massacre

10. On which date were South Africa's first non-racial democratic elections held?

    • 16 June 1976
    • 11 February 1990
    • 10 May 1994
    • 27 April 1994

11. What multi-party coalition government was formed in South Africa following the 1994 election?

    • Government of National Unity
    • Congress of Democrats
    • Transitional Executive Council
    • Democratic Alliance

12. Which award did Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk jointly receive in 1993?

    • Presidential Medal
    • Order of Merit
    • UN Peace Award
    • Nobel Peace Prize

13. Which core legal principle replaced racial classification in South Africa's 1993 interim constitution?

    • Equal citizenship
    • Universal conscription
    • Federal autonomy
    • Separate development

14. Which external pressure significantly weakened the late apartheid regime during negotiations?

    • Military intervention
    • Trade tariffs
    • Economic sanctions
    • Naval blockades

15. Which political group fought violently against the ANC in KwaZulu-Natal during the early 1990s?

    • Pan Africanist Congress
    • Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
    • Inkatha Freedom Party
    • National Party

16. In which year was Nelson Mandela released from prison, accelerating the end of apartheid?

    • 1988
    • 1990
    • 1994
    • 1992

17. Who became President of South Africa following the historic 1994 democratic elections?

    • Nelson Mandela
    • Mangosuthu Buthelezi
    • Thabo Mbeki
    • FW de Klerk

18. Which Afrikaner leader succeeded P. W. Botha as National Party leader in 1989?

    • B. J. Vorster
    • Jan Smuts
    • F. W. de Klerk
    • Hendrik Verwoerd

19. Which country gained independence in March 1990 after decades of South African administration?

    • Mozambique
    • Namibia
    • Angola
    • Zimbabwe

20. Which 1950 law classifying South Africans by race was repealed in June 1991?

    • Bantu Authorities Act
    • Population Registration Act
    • Pass Laws Act
    • Group Areas Act

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