Lesson 17C.2
17C.2 Acyl chlorides, esters and their reactions Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Chemistry, Unit 17
20 questions
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Lesson 17C.2, Acyl chlorides, esters and their reactions: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0), Unit 17: Organic Chemistry II, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
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What is the functional group of an acyl chloride?
- -CCl, a carbon bonded to chlorine by a single bond
- -COOCl, a carbonyl group bonded to a chlorine-oxygen group
- -Cl, a chlorine atom bonded to a benzene ring
- -COCl, a carbonyl group bonded to a chlorine atom
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What is produced when an acyl chloride reacts with water?
- An alcohol and carbon dioxide
- An ester and hydrogen chloride
- A primary amine and sodium chloride
- A carboxylic acid and hydrogen chloride
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What is produced when an acyl chloride reacts with an alcohol?
- An ester and hydrogen chloride
- An alkene and hydrogen chloride
- An amide and water
- A carboxylic acid and water
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What is produced when ethanoyl chloride reacts with concentrated ammonia?
- An ester and hydrogen chloride, formed by reaction of the acyl group with the ammonia molecule present
- A carboxylic acid and nitrogen gas, released when the ammonia reacts with the acyl chloride group
- An amide, ethanamide, and ammonium chloride
- A primary amine and water only, formed by reduction of the carbonyl group by the ammonia present
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What is the product when ethanoyl chloride reacts with a primary amine such as butylamine?
- An N-substituted amide and hydrogen chloride
- An ester and ammonia, formed by reaction with the amine group
- A nitrile and water, formed by dehydration of the amide group
- A carboxylic acid and an alkene, formed by elimination of HCl
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Why are acyl chlorides more reactive than carboxylic acids towards nucleophiles?
- The chlorine atom is strongly electron-withdrawing, making the carbonyl carbon more electron-deficient
- Acyl chlorides are ionic, so they dissolve more easily in all solvents and react faster with any nucleophile
- Chlorine has a lone pair that makes the carbonyl oxygen more basic, so the molecule is easily protonated
- The carbonyl group is absent in acyl chlorides in the normal sense, making them less stable than acids
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Which reagent is used to hydrolyse an ester in alkaline conditions?
- Dilute hydrochloric acid at room temperature
- Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate in dry ether
- Sodium hydroxide solution, heated under reflux
- Concentrated sulfuric acid with no water present
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What are the products of the alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl ethanoate?
- Sodium ethanoate and ethanol
- Ethanal and sodium hydroxide
- Ethanol and ethanoyl chloride
- Ethanoic acid and sodium ethanol
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Why does alkaline hydrolysis of an ester go to completion, unlike acidic hydrolysis?
- The carboxylate ion formed is deprotonated and does not react back with the alcohol
- The sodium hydroxide acts as a catalyst for the reverse esterification reaction, which speeds up the process
- The alkaline conditions remove all the water from the reaction, so the ester cannot be reformed afterwards
- The ester becomes more volatile in alkaline solution, so it distils away from the mixture as it forms
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What are the products of acidic hydrolysis of an ester?
- A carboxylate salt and an alcohol, with the reaction being irreversible
- An acyl chloride and water, with the reaction being irreversible
- An amide and water, with the reaction being irreversible
- A carboxylic acid and an alcohol, with the reaction being reversible
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What is the chemical name for the compound formed when ethanoyl chloride reacts with methanol?
- Ethanoic methanol
- Methyl ethanoate
- Methyl ethanamide
- Ethyl methanoate
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Which functional group is found in an amide?
- -CONH-, a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom
- -COOH, a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group
- -CN, a carbon bonded to nitrogen by a triple bond
- -CONH2 only in aromatic molecules
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A chemist wants to make an ester from ethanoyl chloride and an alcohol, without an acid catalyst. Why is this method preferred?
- It is faster and not reversible, because the acyl chloride reacts completely with the alcohol
- It requires heating under reflux for a long time, which is cheaper than the acid method in the lab
- It produces a higher yield because the reaction is reversible and the equilibrium favours the ester product
- It avoids the formation of hydrogen chloride as a by-product, which is the main reason it is chosen
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Which reagent is produced as a by-product when an acyl chloride reacts with an alcohol to form an ester?
- Hydrogen chloride gas
- Carbon dioxide gas
- Sodium chloride solid
- Water vapour only
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What is the structure of the ester formed from propanoyl chloride and ethanol?
- Ethyl propanamide
- Ethyl propanoate
- Ethanoyl propanoate
- Propyl ethanoate
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In the hydrolysis of an ester, which bond is broken?
- The C=O double bond in the carbonyl group, which is broken to add the water molecule
- The O-H bond of an alcohol already present, which is broken to release the acid
- The C-H bond on the alkyl chain, which is broken by the hydroxide ion in the reaction
- The C-O bond between the carbonyl carbon and the alkoxy oxygen
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What is the product when ethanoyl chloride is added to water?
- Ethyl ethanoate and hydrogen
- Ethanoic acid and hydrogen chloride
- Ethanal and oxygen
- Ethanol and carbon dioxide
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Which statement about ester hydrolysis in acid is correct?
- It produces an amide and water only, with no equilibrium present
- It is irreversible and gives a carboxylate salt as the main product
- It is the reverse of esterification and gives an equilibrium mixture
- It requires an acyl chloride as the starting material for the reaction
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Why is an acyl chloride often preferred to a carboxylic acid when preparing an amide?
- Carboxylic acids form ionic salts with amines that cannot be separated from the amide by any method
- Acyl chlorides react readily with ammonia or amines at room temperature, giving a good yield of amide
- Acyl chlorides are less reactive, so side reactions are avoided and the product is easier to purify
- Carboxylic acids cannot react with any nitrogen compound at all, so an acyl chloride is the only option
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Which product forms from the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with excess concentrated ammonia?
- Ethanenitrile, with hydrogen gas formed
- Ethanamide, with ammonium chloride also formed
- Ethyl ethanoate, with ammonium ions formed
- Ethanamine, with water formed
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