Lesson 3.2.1.4.2

3.2.1.4.2 Dispositional factors: personality and morality Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 5

20 questions

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Lesson 3.2.1.4.2, Dispositional factors: personality and morality: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA GCSE Psychology (8182), Unit 5: Social influence, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which term describes a factor located within the individual, such as personality or moral values, that shapes how they act in a crowd?

    • A cultural norm, a shared rule expected of members of a society
    • A situational factor, a feature of the setting that changes behaviour
    • A dispositional factor, a stable characteristic within the person
    • A group process, a change in behaviour caused by people nearby

  2. Which two dispositional factors are named in the specification as affecting prosocial and antisocial behaviour in crowds?

    • Anonymity and task difficulty
    • Culture and group size
    • Personality and morality
    • Social loafing and deindividuation

  3. A person with a strongly held moral code refuses to join a crowd shouting abuse at a referee. Which dispositional factor best explains this?

    • Culture, since the setting's norms encourage people to shout along with the crowd
    • Deindividuation, since anonymity in the crowd reduces their sense of responsibility
    • Social loafing, since they assume others will do the shouting for them
    • Morality, since their internal standards make antisocial action less likely

  4. Two people in the same crowd behave differently. One calmly walks away and the other shoves through. Which explanation uses personality?

    • They were in different parts of the crowd, so they saw different events happening
    • One person stood nearer the front, so they felt less able to escape the crush
    • Each has different stable traits, such as temperament, that shape how they respond
    • The crowd was denser near one person, so they felt more pressure to move away in daily life

  5. A study finds that people scoring high on a measure of aggression are more likely to shove in a crowd, whatever its size. What is best supported?

    • Crowd size is the only cause of shoving, and personality has no influence at all
    • Aggression scores measure how anonymous a person feels, which causes them to shove
    • Personality plays a role in shoving in crowds, regardless of crowd size
    • Shoving is caused entirely by culture, so personality cannot predict shoving in a crowd

  6. Which term describes a relatively stable set of traits that shapes a person's consistent patterns of behaviour across situations?

    • Personality, a relatively stable set of traits shaping consistent behaviour
    • Deindividuation, a loss of self-awareness within an anonymous group in daily life
    • Social loafing, reduced individual effort when working as part of a group
    • Conformity, a change in behaviour to match the majority view of a group

  7. Which is an example of morality acting as a dispositional factor?

    • Someone who copies the crowd's behaviour because they want to be liked by the group
    • Someone who feels less responsible because the crowd hides their identity from others
    • Someone who works less hard on a group task, assuming others will do most of it
    • Someone who believes harming others is wrong and refuses to join a violent crowd

  8. Why are dispositional and social factors considered together when explaining crowd behaviour?

    • Crowd behaviour is fully explained by social factors alone, so traits add nothing useful in daily life
    • Crowd behaviour is random, so neither personal traits nor the setting can explain it
    • Crowd behaviour is best explained when stable traits and the social setting are both considered
    • Crowd behaviour depends only on personality, so social factors such as culture have no effect

  9. A teenager with a history of impulsive behaviour is in a large crowd. Which prediction fits a dispositional explanation?

    • They will always start any antisocial act, because crowds produce identical responses in all
    • They are more likely than a calmer peer to join an impulsive antisocial act
    • They behave like everyone else, because the crowd's culture overrides personal traits
    • They are less likely than a calmer peer to join any act, because crowds make everyone cautious

  10. Which factor would a psychologist classify as situational when explaining antisocial behaviour in a crowd?

    • Deindividuation, feeling anonymous and less accountable within a large group
    • Expertise, a stable skill or knowledge that shapes judgement about events
    • Personality, stable traits such as impulsiveness carried into every situation
    • Morality, a person's internal sense of right and wrong that guides decisions

  11. Which measurement would best test whether morality influences crowd behaviour?

    • Comparing crowd behaviour of people scoring high and low on a validated moral reasoning measure
    • Measuring the temperature of the crowd area and comparing it with the number of incidents
    • Asking people how the crowd made them feel and counting the words they speak
    • Counting how many people are in a crowd at different times and noting any antisocial acts

  12. Why should a researcher be cautious about concluding that personality causes crowd behaviour?

    • Crowds only form in cities, so personality can only be studied in urban areas
    • A correlation between personality and behaviour cannot show that personality alone caused it
    • Personality scores always show the opposite of crowd behaviour, so the two can never be linked
    • Personality tests cannot be scored reliably, so any link is always meaningless to interpret

  13. Which factor would a psychologist classify as dispositional when explaining why someone might take part in a riot?

    • A crowd where everyone shouts, which changes the normal rules of conduct there
    • A council that has recently changed the rules for public gatherings in the streets
    • Strong antisocial traits, such as readiness to act aggressively when frustrated
    • Being in a very large crowd, where responsibility for any action is spread across many

  14. Which definition of morality fits the specification?

    • A person's internal sense of right and wrong, which can shape crowd behaviour
    • The set of rules a crowd agrees to follow while gathering in a public place in daily life
    • The number of people in a crowd who choose to act together to achieve a goal
    • The way group members share responsibility for the outcome of a joint task

  15. A study finds crowd members with high moral reasoning scores are less likely to vandalise property. What type of factor is moral reasoning?

    • A social factor, describing how others' presence changes willingness to act
    • A cultural factor, describing rules shared by people in a country or region
    • A dispositional factor, a characteristic within each individual
    • A situational factor, describing the conditions under which a crowd gathers

  16. A trait that makes a person seek excitement might lead them to join a crowd. What type of factor is this?

    • Cultural, describing rules a society shares about public gatherings in daily life
    • Situational, describing the setting and activities of the crowd gathering
    • Dispositional, a personal characteristic the person carries into the situation
    • Environmental, describing the weather and the streets around the gathering

  17. Which example is prosocial behaviour in a crowd, influenced by morality?

    • Throwing a bottle at a window because the crowd makes them feel less responsible
    • Joining a chant because they assume others will carry on without their input
    • Shouting abuse at a referee because the crowd around them is shouting loudly in daily life
    • Helping to carry an injured stranger to safety because they believe helping is right

  18. Which question would a researcher ask to study personality and crowd behaviour?

    • How many words are spoken on average by each person during a short walk through a city?
    • Do people scoring higher on impulsiveness show more antisocial behaviour in large crowds?
    • How tall is the average person who attends a crowded music festival each summer?
    • What colour clothing do most people wear when they gather in a large crowd on a sunny day?

  19. Why include situational factors when studying dispositional traits in crowds?

    • Behaviour results from both the person and the situation, so a study with both gives a fuller picture
    • Situational factors are always stronger than personal traits, so traits can be ignored entirely
    • Crowds are always the same size, so no situational variable needs measuring at all
    • Dispositional traits never affect behaviour, so situational factors are the only variable worth measuring

  20. Which description of antisocial crowd behaviour is most accurate?

    • Behaviour that harms others or their property, such as vandalism or violence, by members of a crowd
    • Behaviour that is always caused by alcohol, which removes personal choice from every member
    • Behaviour that only happens in groups of three or fewer, and never in large crowds
    • Behaviour that helps others in a crowd, such as giving directions to a lost visitor

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