Lesson 3.2.1.3.2

3.2.1.3.2 Dispositional factors: similarity to victim and expertise Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 5

20 questions

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Lesson 3.2.1.3.2, Dispositional factors: similarity to victim and expertise: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA GCSE Psychology (8182), Unit 5: Social influence, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. What is the effect of similarity to the victim on helping?

    • People are less likely to help a victim who is similar to them
    • People only help victims who are much older than themselves
    • Similarity has no effect on helping
    • People are more likely to help a victim who is similar to them

  2. Which dispositional factor involves knowledge or skill that makes a helper more able to act?

    • Presence of others
    • Similarity
    • Cost of helping
    • Expertise

  3. Why might a medical student be more likely to help at an accident?

    • They feel less responsible than others, so they wait
    • They are less able to recognise an emergency
    • They have skills and feel more competent
    • They are more likely to leave because of the stress

  4. Is similarity to the victim a dispositional or situational factor?

    • Biological, because it depends on genes alone
    • Dispositional, because it relates to characteristics of the helper and victim
    • Cultural, because it depends only on the country
    • Situational, because it depends on the location of the emergency

  5. Which is an example of similarity affecting helping?

    • A person helps a stranger who shares their nationality more readily
    • A person helps a stranger only when they expect a reward
    • A person helps a stranger only when no one else is present
    • A person helps a stranger only when they have a medical qualification

  6. What is a criticism of explaining helping through expertise?

    • Expertise may not be the only reason
    • Expertise always makes people unable to help
    • Expertise has been proven to cause all helping
    • Expertise cannot be measured in any study

  7. Which type of expertise would most help in a road accident?

    • First aid training
    • Ability to play a musical instrument
    • Knowledge of ancient history
    • Skill in pottery

  8. A nurse and a student both witness a fall. The nurse helps quickly. Which factor best explains this?

    • Presence of others, because the student was present
    • Expertise, because the nurse has relevant knowledge and skills
    • Similarity, because the nurse and the victim look alike
    • Cost of helping, because the nurse was paid

  9. A victim who looks like a helper's relative is more likely to receive help. Which factor?

    • Cost of helping
    • Diffusion of responsibility
    • Expertise
    • Similarity to victim

  10. What prediction follows from the similarity research?

    • People will help strangers only when the victim is from a different group
    • People will help a victim who appears to share their social group more often
    • Similarity will have no effect on helping decisions
    • People will refuse to help if the victim is similar to them

  11. A driver with first-aid training is in a crowd. Which factor makes it more likely they act?

    • Expertise guarantees the driver will be paid for helping
    • Expertise makes the driver ignore the victim's needs
    • Expertise reduces the perceived cost and uncertainty of helping
    • Expertise increases the number of people who feel responsible

  12. Which situation would reduce helping due to dispositional factors?

    • A helper who knows the victim personally
    • A helper who lacks relevant skills and feels no connection to the victim
    • A helper who sees many others helping
    • A helper who has medical skills and feels close to the victim

  13. Evaluate: 'Helping depends entirely on dispositional factors.'

    • This is correct, since situations never influence helping
    • This is incorrect, since helping never involves personal factors
    • This is correct, since all helping is determined by personality
    • This is an oversimplification

  14. Why might similarity to the victim increase helping, according to a social identity explanation?

    • People think similar victims are less likely to need help
    • People want to avoid being seen helping someone unlike themselves
    • People identify more with similar others
    • People expect similar victims to repay them

  15. Which dispositional factors does the specification list for bystander intervention?

    • Group size and anonymity
    • Similarity to victim and expertise
    • Presence of others and cost of helping
    • Authority and proximity

  16. A researcher manipulates whether the helper has expertise. What type of variable is expertise in this study?

    • A dependent variable
    • A control variable
    • An independent variable
    • A confounding variable

  17. Which study design would best separate the effects of similarity and expertise on helping?

    • Asking helpers to describe their similarity and expertise in an interview
    • Manipulating each variable separately so their effects can be compared
    • Observing only helpers who are already known to be experts
    • Using a single victim who is similar and expert at once

  18. Which result would best support the idea that similarity increases helping?

    • Participants helped the same regardless of shared hobby
    • Participants were more likely to help a victim who shared their hobby
    • Participants helped less when the victim shared their hobby
    • Participants helped only when paid to do so

  19. Why must researchers be careful when claiming expertise causes helping?

    • Expert helpers may differ in other ways, such as confidence
    • Expertise is a situational variable so it cannot cause helping
    • Expertise cannot be measured by any valid test
    • Expertise always produces identical helping in everyone

  20. Which statement best evaluates the role of expertise in bystander intervention?

    • Expertise has no link with helping in any study
    • Expertise always stops untrained bystanders from helping
    • Expertise only influences helping in children
    • Expertise can increase helping

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