Lesson 4.3.8.3

4.3.8.3 Social psychological explanations of aggression Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 3

20 questions

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Lesson 4.3.8.3, Social psychological explanations of aggression: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Psychology (7182), Unit 3: Issues and options in Psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis propose?

    • Frustration has no link to aggression, which is caused only by hormones
    • Aggression is always learned from observing others, with no role for frustration
    • Frustration, meaning the blocking of a goal, always leads to some form of aggression
    • Aggression always leads to frustration, which then blocks the person's goals

  2. Which later modification to the frustration-aggression hypothesis is often cited?

    • Frustration produces a readiness for aggression, which may or may not be expressed depending on cues
    • Frustration always produces violence and no other response at any time
    • Frustration has been removed entirely from the theory after experimental testing
    • Frustration causes aggression only in women and never in men

  3. What is social learning theory as applied to human aggression?

    • Aggression is an innate fixed action pattern that cannot be changed by any experience
    • Aggression is learned through observing and imitating models, particularly when the model is rewarded
    • Aggression is caused by a deficiency of serotonin in the frontal lobe alone
    • Aggression is the result of a fixed inherited trait that is unaffected by observation

  4. In Bandura's Bobo doll study, what did children do after watching an adult behave aggressively toward the doll?

    • They only imitated aggression when the adult was present in the room
    • They imitated the aggressive behaviour, including novel aggressive acts
    • They became fearful and avoided the doll for the rest of the session
    • They ignored the doll entirely and played quietly with the other toys in the room

  5. What is de-individuation?

    • A loss of personal identity and self-awareness in a group, which can lead to uninhibited behaviour
    • An increase in personal identity that makes a person more aware of their own rules
    • A process in which a person becomes more cautious when they are alone in a room
    • A process in which a child learns to separate from their parents at the age of three

  6. Which factor is most associated with increased de-individuation in a crowd?

    • Being alone and clearly identifiable by a name badge at all times
    • Anonymity, such as being hidden by uniforms or masks
    • Being in a quiet library with no other people present
    • Being in a small group with a clear and visible leader

  7. Which evaluation point applies to the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

    • Frustration has no measurable effect on any behaviour in any species
    • Frustration has been shown to lead only to calm and cooperative behaviour in all people
    • Frustration always leads to aggression in every person and every culture studied
    • Frustration does not always lead to aggression, so the link is not universal

  8. Which evaluation point applies to Bandura's Bobo doll study?

    • The study used a large sample of adults in a natural setting over many years, so its results are much stronger than most other research
    • The study showed that children never imitate aggression under any circumstances, which means that the findings cannot be applied to them
    • The study used an artificial laboratory setting, which limits generalisation to real-world aggression
    • The study was carried out with no controls, so it cannot show any effect at all, and the results are therefore of no scientific value

  9. A football fan throws objects during a match after his team loses, and says he was swept along with the crowd. Which explanation best fits?

    • Biological explanation through a sudden rise in cortisol in the fan's blood
    • Frustration-aggression with no role for the crowd, since the fan was alone
    • De-individuation within the crowd, reducing self-awareness and accountability
    • Taste aversion, since the fan has previously been ill after eating at the stadium

  10. A child who has been blocked from playing a game becomes aggressive towards a sibling. Which explanation best fits the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

    • Frustration from blocked goals led to aggression towards an available target
    • Fixed action patterns triggered by the colour of the sibling's clothing
    • Observational learning from a television programme that showed a calm character
    • Neural damage in the frontal lobe that removed all social inhibition in the child

  11. Which explanation describes how social learning theory predicts that a child might become aggressive?

    • The child's frontal lobe is damaged, which removes all learned controls over behaviour
    • The child's cortisol levels fall, which removes the ability to feel anger at all
    • The child observes an aggressive model being rewarded and imitates the behaviour
    • The child is born with a fixed pattern of aggression that is triggered by the sight of a bottle

  12. Which evaluation point applies to social psychological explanations of aggression?

    • They explain learned and situational aggression well but say less about biological predisposition
    • They explain all human aggression completely, leaving no role for biology or learning
    • They have been disproved by all research using animal models and human samples
    • They focus only on innate fixed action patterns and never on social influence

  13. Which best describes the role of anonymity in aggression according to de-individuation theory?

    • Anonymity has no effect on aggression because people always behave the same way anyway
    • Anonymity reduces the frustration that is needed for any aggression to occur
    • Anonymity increases self-awareness, which makes people more careful about their behaviour
    • Anonymity reduces the fear of being identified, which lowers inhibition and increases aggressive acts

  14. A researcher finds that people who watch an aggressive film then behave more aggressively in a task. Which explanation best fits social learning theory?

    • Observation of calm models led to imitation of aggressive behaviour in the same task
    • Observation of aggressive models led to imitation and greater acceptance of aggressive responses
    • Aggression is entirely innate and so the film cannot influence the participants
    • The film triggered a fixed action pattern in every participant at the same moment

  15. Which feature of Bandura's findings suggests that aggression is learned rather than innate?

    • Children showed the same aggression before observing any adult model at all
    • Children never imitated the adult and behaved identically in all conditions
    • Children imitated behaviour they had only observed, including novel aggressive acts
    • Children's aggression was shown to be unaffected by observing any model

  16. A researcher suggests that frustration only produces aggression when a suitable cue, such as a weapon, is present. Which theory does this best reflect?

    • A revised frustration-aggression account proposing that cues can trigger aggression from a state of readiness
    • The original frustration-aggression hypothesis, which states that cues have no role at all
    • Ethological theory, which states that cues have no role because all behaviour is innate
    • Biological theory, which states that cues only affect hormone levels in the body

  17. Why might de-individuation be relevant to riots?

    • Riots are unrelated to group behaviour, since crowds never affect the behaviour of their members
    • Riots involve only fixed action patterns triggered by the colour of uniforms
    • Crowd anonymity and reduced self-awareness may lower inhibitions and increase aggressive acts
    • Riots are caused by the sudden rise in cortisol during a crowd event with no other factor

  18. In Bandura's studies, which condition was associated with the least imitation of aggression?

    • Children who saw the model rewarded for the aggressive act with sweets
    • Children who saw the model punished for the aggressive act
    • Children who saw the model rewarded for playing quietly with the toys in the room
    • Children who saw the model show no consequence after the aggressive act was performed

  19. Which change would most reduce de-individuation in a crowd?

    • Increasing the size of the crowd so that each person feels less responsible for the group
    • Reducing the amount of light so that people cannot see one another clearly in the crowd
    • Making each person more identifiable, for example by wearing name badges
    • Increasing the anonymity of each person by having everyone wear identical masks and hats

  20. A researcher predicts that aggression is more likely when a model's behaviour is seen to pay off. Which study design would test this?

    • A correlation between children's height and the number of aggressive acts they perform in playground observation
    • A survey of parents about their opinions on whether aggression is inherited from grandparents
    • An experiment comparing children who see a rewarded model with children who see an unrewarded model, then measuring imitation
    • A case study of one child's diary about the playground over a single school term

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