3.2.5.7 Resource security: case studies Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. A resource case study should analyse which connection to human welfare?

   • The average height of mountains in the region
   • The number of ships that visit the region each year
   • The number of statues in the resource-producing city
   • The relationship between resource security and the well-being of the people who depend on it

2. Which attempt to manage a water resource is most commonly used in arid regions?

   • Increasing water-intensive crops without any controls
   • Discharging untreated effluent to rivers
   • Storage and transfers combined with demand management
   • Unrestricted abstraction from groundwater without monitoring

3. A case study of an energy resource explains how a national government manages supply. Which element is most relevant?

   • Policies that balance supply expansion with demand reduction and environmental protection
   • Policies that remove all energy infrastructure
   • Policies that rely solely on imports with no domestic planning
   • Policies that ignore demand and environmental effects

4. Which feature best describes a case study of how a physical environment affects the availability and cost of a resource?

   • Showing how the resource is used only for tourism
   • Showing how the resource has no physical basis
   • Showing how the resource is distributed only by political decisions
   • Showing how geology, climate or drainage determines where a resource is found and how costly it is to extract or deliver

5. Which strategy most directly reduces the environmental impact of an energy resource development in a fragile area?

   • Abandoning monitoring once extraction begins
   • Ignoring rehabilitation to keep costs low
   • Siting infrastructure in the most sensitive habitats
   • Carefully sited infrastructure and environmental monitoring alongside rehabilitation

6. Which argument best evaluates the relationship between resource security and conflict?

   • Competition over shared or scarce resources can create conflict, but cooperation and governance can reduce it
   • Conflict over resources is impossible between neighbours
   • Resource security always causes war in every case
   • Resource security has no relationship with conflict

7. A water-scarce city depends on a river that flows through another country. Which issue is most central to its water security?

   • The number of sports stadiums in the city, counted each season and compared with the number of hotels and cinemas across the region
   • Negotiation over water sharing and the reliability of flows across the border
   • The average temperature of the city's office buildings, recorded each winter and compared with the temperature of offices in other cities
   • The population of rural villages far from the river, counted in each census and compared with the number of farms they support each year

8. Which measure would best show whether attempts to manage a resource have improved human welfare?

   • The number of tourist photographs taken of the region each year, counted from social media and compared with visitor numbers in towns
   • Trends in access to resources and related welfare indicators such as health and income
   • The number of resource company logos displayed in each city centre, counted each year and compared with the advertising of rivals
   • The colour of maps of the region, judged by the cartographers who drew each edition and compared with the colours used in earlier maps

9. A case study of a region with mineral extraction finds rising income but also worsening air quality. Which conclusion is most balanced?

   • Mineral extraction has no environmental effects, because mines are sealed and never release dust, water or gases into the surrounding land
   • Mineral extraction has no economic value in any region, since every mine operates at a loss and never contributes income to local people
   • Mineral extraction should be ignored in all analyses, since its effects are too small to matter for either the economy or the environment
   • Mineral extraction brings economic gains alongside environmental costs that need management

10. Which attempt to manage a resource is most closely linked to reducing demand rather than increasing supply?

    • Expanding water transfers from distant basins, which brings new supplies by pipeline and reduces the pressure on local rivers and wells
    • Water pricing and metering to encourage efficient use
    • Constructing desalination plants to increase supply, which adds new fresh water from the sea and reduces reliance on rivers and aquifers
    • Building new reservoirs to store additional water, which raises the volume available for supply and gives planners a larger buffer

11. Which argument best supports the view that resource case studies should include local experience as well as national data?

    • Local experience is irrelevant to resource management, because planners rely only on engineering data and never on residents' views
    • Only the views of government officials should be considered, since officials alone hold the knowledge needed to judge any resource case
    • Local experience reveals how people are affected by shortages or pollution, which national averages can hide
    • National averages always reveal everything about local experience, since the average is equally true of every district

12. A water transfer scheme supplies a city but leaves a downstream farming community with reduced water. What is the most appropriate evaluation?

    • The scheme is entirely beneficial with no costs to anyone, since every community gains equally and no one loses any water at all
    • The scheme improves the city's security but may harm the downstream community, so compensation or safeguards may be needed
    • The scheme has no effect on the downstream community, because the transfer leaves river flows unchanged below the intake
    • The scheme should be ignored because it is only a local matter, since water transfers within a single region never affect anyone else

13. Which combination best describes what a resource case study should evaluate?

    • Only the history of the resource's discovery, with dates of each find recorded and listed in order without any analysis of its use
    • Only the price of the resource on one day, recorded at the market close and compared with the prices of other goods in the same week
    • Only the colours used in promotional material, which are compared across firms to show how each company presents its resource to buyers
    • Physical availability, human use, management attempts and implications for security and welfare

14. A mineral-rich region has been developed rapidly, but local incomes have not risen. Which explanation is most relevant to a case study?

    • The lack of income growth is unrelated to resource development, since local wages are set by national policy and never by any mine
    • Benefits may be captured by external companies or elites rather than reaching local communities
    • Benefits always reach every local household immediately, since revenue from the mine is shared among residents within weeks of each sale
    • Mineral extraction cannot create any benefits for anyone, because the costs of mining always outweigh every gain for the local economy

15. Which strategy is most likely to strengthen the sustainability of a water supply scheme in a case study region?

    • Ignoring leakage and community views in planning, which saves time in the design stage and keeps the scheme focused on engineering alone
    • Relying on a single source with no backup, since one reservoir is simpler to manage and cheaper to run than a network of several supplies
    • Combining supply investment with conservation, leakage reduction and community engagement
    • Expanding supply only, with no demand management, so that every new source is simply added to a system that wastes water at high rates

16. Which argument best evaluates the human welfare impact of an energy shortage in a case study?

    • Shortages only affect wealthy households with spare energy, because poorer families have no need for heating or cooking in their homes
    • Shortages have no effect on people's welfare in any setting, since households always adjust their use without any loss of heating or food
    • Shortages improve welfare by reducing consumption, since less energy use means lower bills and healthier, more active lives for residents
    • Shortages can reduce heating, food security and productivity, with the greatest effects on poorer households

17. Which term describes a situation where a country relies heavily on a single external supplier for a critical resource?

    • Demographic dividend
    • Carrying capacity
    • Supply dependence
    • Resource frontier

18. A city receives 40% of its water from a transboundary river that supplies 60 million cubic metres a year to the city's catchment. What volume does the city receive from the river?

    • 36 million cubic metres
    • 60 million cubic metres
    • 15 million cubic metres
    • 24 million cubic metres

19. A mineral project employs 300 workers, and 45% of them are local residents. How many local residents are employed?

    • 450
    • 255
    • 135
    • 30

20. Which argument best evaluates the use of export taxes to manage a mineral resource?

    • They have no effect on revenue or investment, because the tax is set so low that it changes neither income nor company decisions
    • They eliminate all trade in the mineral, since no exporter will ever sell abroad once a tax of any size is placed on each shipment
    • They can raise revenue but may encourage smuggling or reduce investment if poorly designed
    • They always improve local welfare without any side effects, since revenue from the tax is spent directly on services in every community

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