3.2.5.2 Natural resource issues Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Which global pattern is most accurate regarding energy production and consumption?

   • Production and consumption are geographically uneven, with major consumers often far from major producers
   • Energy production and consumption are perfectly matched in every country
   • Energy is consumed equally in all regions of the world
   • All energy is produced in the country where it is consumed

2. Global water demand is largest in which sector?

   • Domestic use in households only
   • Recreation and tourism only
   • Mining and quarrying only
   • Agriculture, through irrigation

3. The geopolitics of energy and mineral resources concerns:

   • How the distribution, trade and control of resources shape relationships between states
   • The distribution of cloud cover across continents
   • The measurement of ocean currents in polar seas
   • The study of rock formation in mountain ranges

4. Which feature best explains why water is traded between regions even when its physical supply is sufficient in many places?

   • Water is only traded inside closed rivers
   • Water is embedded in traded goods, so trade in water-intensive products moves virtual water between regions
   • Water is never traded in any form
   • Water can only be moved in bottles over short distances

5. Which argument best evaluates the impact of geopolitics on energy supply security?

   • Energy supply is secure whenever one supplier dominates
   • Geopolitics has no effect on energy supply
   • Dependence on a small number of suppliers can create vulnerability to political disruption
   • Energy supply depends only on local weather conditions

6. Which pattern best describes global mineral ore production and trade?

   • Production is equally spread across all countries
   • Ores are never traded across national borders
   • Ores are produced only in places where they are consumed
   • Production is concentrated in a few countries with large deposits, and ores move to industrial regions

7. Which measure would best indicate the importance of a country's energy trade?

   • The share of its energy consumption that is met by imports
   • The number of tourist visits each year, counted at airports and ports and compared with the number of hotel beds in each region
   • The area of its national parks, measured in square kilometres and compared with the area of protected coastline in each province
   • The number of schools in the capital city, counted each year and compared with pupil numbers in each school across the region

8. A country imports 60% of its energy and has a large dependence on a single supplier. Which risk is most significant?

   • No risk because imports are always cheap, since global prices for energy are fixed by treaty and never change with supply or demand
   • Supply disruption if the supplier's policies or the trade route are interrupted
   • Reduced need for energy infrastructure, because heavy reliance on imports means that domestic power stations can be closed each year
   • Energy surplus that is exported to all neighbours, since a country that imports most of its energy usually also has spare supply to sell

9. Which combination best describes the global pattern of water availability and demand?

   • Water is abundant everywhere except for the polar regions only, so the only shortages are found in the coldest parts of the planet
   • Water is equally available and demanded across all regions, so every area has the same balance of supply and need throughout each year
   • Water is unevenly distributed, with demand concentrated in arid and densely populated regions
   • Water demand is highest where rainfall is highest and water is most plentiful, because wet regions use more for farms and industry

10. Which statement about the trade in energy and ore minerals is most accurate?

    • Trade in energy and minerals has no effect on relations between countries, since commodity markets operate independently of politics
    • Trade links producers and consumers, creating interdependence and potential for conflict over prices and access
    • Trade removes all potential for conflict between countries, because partners that trade together have no reason to dispute anything
    • Trade occurs only within single countries and never across borders, so commodities reach consumers without any international exchange

11. Which argument best supports the view that water management is a geopolitical issue?

    • Shared rivers and aquifers create interdependence and potential disputes between countries
    • Water is never shared between countries, because every river and aquifer lies entirely within one national boundary across the world
    • Water resources have no political significance, since governments never make decisions about the use or allocation of water supplies
    • Water management concerns only local householders, since decisions about rivers and aquifers are taken by households rather than by states

12. A mineral-rich country's production of ore is expected to double over ten years. Which implication is most likely for global trade?

    • A fall in global demand for the ore, as buyers reduce their purchases when output in a single country rises across the world market
    • Elimination of all mining operations in the country, because the expansion would close every mine and stop all extraction nationwide
    • Greater exports, potentially shifting trade flows and prices for the ore
    • No change in global trade because ore is not traded, since ore is consumed in the mining country and never leaves its borders at all

13. Which measure best shows how dependent a region is on water from outside its boundaries?

    • The number of kilometres of coastline in the region, measured from maps and compared with the length of each open beach
    • The average height of the region's mountains, measured above sea level and compared with the height of each ridge across the region
    • The share of its water demand met by imports of water or water-intensive goods
    • The number of hotels in the region, counted each year from tourism records and compared with the number of visitors who stay overnight

14. Which argument best evaluates the claim that the distribution of energy resources determines economic power?

    • Energy resources matter, but technology, trade, investment and institutions also shape economic power
    • Economic power depends only on the number of schools, since education is the single determinant of wealth and influence in any state
    • Energy resources have no effect on economic development, because growth depends entirely on education and the size of the labour force
    • Energy resources are the only factor shaping economic power, since no other element of a state's strength has any real influence

15. Which pattern shows the effect of geology on the availability of ore minerals?

    • Ore deposits occur in specific geological settings, so their distribution is concentrated in certain regions
    • Ore deposits occur only in sedimentary rocks in all cases, which means that every mineral is found in the same kind of rock layer
    • Ore deposits are randomly spread across all rock types, so every region of the planet holds a roughly equal share of ore reserves
    • Geology has no effect on where ores are found, since mineral deposits form at random and are unrelated to rock type or setting

16. Which global trend is most likely to increase competition for water resources?

    • Stable rainfall combined with reduced irrigation, because steady wet seasons mean that farmers need less water for their fields
    • Growing population and economic demand, particularly for irrigation and industry
    • Declining population and falling demand for food, as fewer people eat less and farmers reduce the land they irrigate each season
    • Falling industrial output across all regions, which lowers the water used by factories and cuts the demand for cooling and processing

17. A river basin shared by three countries has no agreed water-sharing rules. Which outcome is most likely?

    • Disputes over upstream abstraction and downstream flows, creating potential tension
    • Automatic and fair sharing of water without any conflict, because each country takes exactly its agreed share with no dispute
    • No effect on any country because water is not important, so the three states have no reason to consider the river in any policy
    • Complete elimination of water demand in all three countries, since the basin's population is expected to fall to zero in the next decade

18. Which statement best describes the interaction between energy and water resources?

    • Energy production never uses water in any form, since power stations and fuel processing rely entirely on dry technologies and air
    • Energy production often needs water for cooling and processing, linking the security of the two resources
    • Water and energy resources are entirely independent, because the supply of each is set by separate physical and economic factors
    • Energy generation adds water to rivers without using any, since power plants return more water than they take from each catchment

19. A country consumes 4 million tonnes of oil a year and imports 3 million tonnes of it. What percentage of its oil consumption is imported?

    • 75%
    • 133%
    • 3%
    • 25%

20. Which of these is an example of a secondary energy source?

    • Electricity
    • Crude oil
    • Uranium ore
    • Natural gas

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