3.2.3.2 Urban forms Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. In the Burgess concentric zone model, which zone lies immediately around the central business district?

   • Middle-class residential zone
   • Transition zone
   • Suburban shopping zone
   • Outer commuter zone

2. Which urban model proposes that land-use zones extend outwards in wedge-shaped sectors along transport routes?

   • Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model
   • Hoyt sector model
   • Christaller central place model
   • Burgess concentric zone model

3. The Harris and Ullman model of urban structure is best characterised by:

   • A linear band of development along a coastline
   • Wedge-shaped sectors radiating from the CBD along routes
   • A single CBD surrounded by concentric rings only
   • Multiple nuclei, each developing around a specialised centre of activity

4. An edge city is best defined as:

   • A historic walled city centre surrounded by farmland
   • A port city whose economy depends on coastal fishing
   • A dispersed, business-focused centre on the urban periphery with offices, retail and leisure
   • A rural village with fewer than 1,000 residents

5. Fortress developments are best described as:

   • Medieval castles converted into museums in city centres
   • Gated, secured residential or commercial enclaves that restrict access to outsiders
   • Flood defence walls built along river banks
   • Military bases located on the urban fringe

6. Gentrification typically involves:

   • Expansion of industrial estates onto former farmland
   • Lower-income groups moving from suburbs into city centres to reduce living costs
   • A fall in house prices after a new motorway is opened
   • Higher-income groups moving into lower-income inner-city areas, raising property values and displacing some existing residents

7. Cultural and heritage quarters in cities are usually:

   • Districts that ban all commercial activity to protect old buildings
   • Districts where arts, heritage and leisure activities are concentrated to regenerate or brand an area
   • Industrial zones that manufacture heritage goods such as pottery
   • Areas of rural land kept as green belt around a city

8. Town centre mixed developments are best characterised by:

   • Closing pedestrian routes to create car parks, which increases vehicle access but removes the walking routes that shoppers use
   • Converting farmland into a new reservoir, which floods agricultural land and removes it from any future residential development
   • Replacing all housing with a single large factory, which concentrates employment on one site and removes local residential streets
   • Combining housing, offices, shops and leisure in one redeveloped area

9. A city's land values are highest at the centre and fall with distance. Which Burgess zone would show the highest density of commercial high-rise buildings?

   • Middle-class residential zone
   • Working-class zone
   • Central business district
   • Outer commuter zone

10. A map shows wealthy households clustered in one sector extending from the CBD along a motorway. Which model best fits this pattern?

    • Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model
    • Rostow's stages of economic growth model
    • Burgess concentric zone model
    • Hoyt sector model

11. Which feature would best distinguish a post-modern western city from a mid-twentieth-century concentric city?

    • A single high-density CBD with no suburban development, so that all residents live within the central core and commute on foot
    • Industrial belts located at the city centre, with factories and warehouses forming a continuous band around the central core
    • Mixed-use developments combining housing, retail and leisure, with privatised public space
    • Strict zoning that separates housing from all commercial use, keeping each district single-purpose and limiting shops near homes

12. A city's ethnic groups are highly clustered in particular districts, with few mixed areas. This pattern is best described as:

    • Complete residential dispersal
    • High cultural integration
    • High spatial segregation
    • Low economic inequality

13. Which land-use change most commonly marks a town centre mixed development?

    • Closing all pedestrian routes to create car parks, which removes walking links and separates shops from the housing around them
    • Converting farmland into a new reservoir, which floods the fields and removes the land from any housing or commercial use
    • Replacing all housing with a single large factory, which concentrates production on one site and removes homes from the district
    • Combining housing, offices and shops in one redeveloped area

14. Edge city growth most often affects which area?

    • The urban fringe near motorway junctions
    • The inner-city zone of older deprived housing
    • The river estuary below the port
    • The historic city centre with narrow streets

15. Which physical factor most often shapes the layout of urban land use?

    • Soil colour in the city's parks, which is the main control on where housing and shops are built within the urban area
    • Topography such as valleys, rivers and steep slopes that limit or direct development
    • Latitude alone, regardless of local relief, which sets the same urban pattern in every city at a given distance from the equator
    • Average rainfall in the rural hinterland only, which determines where farmers settle and so shapes the layout of nearby towns

16. Which argument best supports the claim that the post-modern city is more fragmented than the classical industrial city?

    • Land-use zoning has become stricter and more uniform, so each district follows the same mix of housing, offices and shops
    • All cities now share a similar population density across every district, so residential patterns are broadly uniform everywhere
    • Public transport now reaches every part of every city equally, so residents across all districts have the same access to jobs
    • Development is increasingly privatised and gated, dividing residents into separate enclaves with unequal access to services

17. Which outcome best illustrates the link between economic inequality and social segregation in contrasting cities?

    • Equal house prices across all districts because of strict planning, which removes any difference in quality between neighbourhoods
    • Wealthier groups concentrating in high-quality or gated areas while poorer groups are confined to lower-quality housing
    • Disappearance of residential areas as offices replace housing, so that no district has enough homes for any income group to live in
    • Full integration of all income groups into every neighbourhood, with mixed housing tenures ensuring that rich and poor live side by side

18. A city's land value is 10,000 pounds per square metre at the centre and falls in a straight line to 2,000 pounds per square metre at 5 km. Assuming a linear decline, what is the value at 2 km?

    • 6,800 pounds per square metre
    • 4,000 pounds per square metre
    • 5,200 pounds per square metre
    • 8,000 pounds per square metre

19. Which argument best evaluates the usefulness of the Burgess model for a modern city?

    • It explains every urban pattern in low-income countries, since its concentric zones describe all informal settlement growth exactly
    • It is a useful simplified starting point but ignores transport networks and polycentric development
    • It shows that land use is random across all cities, so no model of urban structure can be built on land values or accessibility
    • It accurately predicts the location of all modern edge cities, because each one sits in a predictable ring around the old centre

20. Which mechanism best explains increasing social segregation as income inequality rises?

    • Government requiring all neighbourhoods to contain identical incomes, which would enforce a uniform income mix in every district by law
    • Universal access to identical housing across all districts, so households on every income live in the same type of home everywhere
    • Households choosing residential areas that match their income, status and lifestyle, sorting into distinct neighbourhoods
    • Mass migration of wealthy households into rural villages, which empties the city of richer residents and leaves poorer districts intact

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