3.2.3.1 Urbanisation Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Which term describes the growth in the proportion of a country's population living in towns and cities?

   • Decentralisation
   • Urbanisation
   • Suburbanisation
   • Gentrification

2. What is counter-urbanisation?

   • Movement of people from the city centre out to the suburbs
   • Net movement of people from urban areas to smaller towns, villages and rural areas
   • Net movement of people from rural areas into large cities
   • Movement of industry from one city to another within the same country

3. Suburbanisation is best defined as:

   • Relocation of factories from one region to another
   • Population growth in rural countryside beyond city boundaries
   • Return of residents to a city centre after a period of decline
   • Growth of population and housing in the outer zones of urban areas, often while the inner city declines

4. Urban resurgence describes:

   • The spread of low-density housing onto farmland beyond the city
   • The collapse of service industries in city centres
   • A return of population and investment to inner-city areas after a period of decline
   • A rapid rise in rural-to-urban migration in low-income countries

5. A megacity is conventionally defined as a city with a population of more than:

   • 500,000 people
   • 50,000 people
   • 10 million people
   • 1 million people

6. Decentralisation of retail and office activity from city centres is best described as:

   • Expansion of public parks inside the inner ring road
   • Growth of skyscrapers and offices concentrated in the central business district
   • Relocation of farms into the city centre to supply local food
   • Movement of retail and office activity out of the city core to edge-of-town and out-of-centre locations

7. Deindustrialisation refers to:

   • Expansion of new factories on greenfield sites beyond the urban fringe, which steadily draws workers out of older city districts
   • Relocation of manufacturing firms from suburban estates into city centre sites, where cheaper land and rising employment follow
   • Loss of manufacturing jobs and industrial activity from an area, often in older industrial cities
   • Closure of out-of-town retail parks in favour of pedestrianised town centre shopping streets with new public investment

8. Which measure best indicates the degree of urbanisation in a country?

   • The average size of farms across the country, measured in hectares, which reflects how intensively land is used for agriculture
   • The ratio of rural road length to urban road length in the country, which shows how well transport links connect farms and cities
   • The number of rural settlements per square kilometre, which shows how densely villages and hamlets are spread across the countryside
   • The percentage of the total population living in urban areas

9. A city of 2.0 million people grows at 3% per year. Approximately what is its population after 2 years, assuming compound growth?

   • 2.18 million
   • 2.40 million
   • 2.06 million
   • 2.12 million

10. A country has a total population of 50 million, of which 30 million live in urban areas. What percentage of the population is urban?

    • 30%
    • 83%
    • 60%
    • 40%

11. Urban population in a region rises from 800,000 to 1,000,000 while rural population falls from 200,000 to 100,000. What is the urban percentage now?

    • 95.2%
    • 80.0%
    • 90.9%
    • 83.3%

12. A graph shows the urban share of a country rising from 40% in 1950 to 55% in 2000. Which interpretation is best supported?

    • Rural population grew by 15 percentage points over the period, so the rural share of the total population rose from 40% to 55%
    • Total population must have fallen over the period, since an urban share that rises always requires the overall population to shrink
    • Urban population grew faster than total population over the period
    • Urban and rural populations grew at exactly the same rate over the period, so the urban share would have stayed at 40% throughout

13. A city's population was 2.5 million in 1980 and 3.0 million in 2000. Approximately what was the average annual percentage growth rate over the 20 years, using a simple (non-compound) method?

    • 1.0% per year
    • 2.0% per year
    • 0.5% per year
    • 20.0% per year

14. Which factor most directly drives rapid urban growth in many low-income countries since 1945?

    • Natural increase combined with rural-to-urban migration
    • Declining birth rates in all urban areas, which reduce the number of children born in cities each year and so slow growth
    • Counter-urbanisation, as wealthy households move from city suburbs out into villages and rural towns across the country
    • Relocation of all manufacturing industry to rural areas, which removes jobs from cities and so reverses migration flows

15. Which statement about megacities and world cities is most accurate?

    • They have little influence on regional or national economies, since their business activity is usually confined to local markets
    • They are mainly agricultural centres that supply food to rural hinterlands, with most residents working on farms near the city edge
    • They act as nodes of global economic control, concentrating financial and business services
    • They are defined mainly by a land area above 1,000 square kilometres, which makes them the largest settlements on the planet by area

16. A city's manufacturing output falls sharply while its finance and business services sector grows. Which process does this describe?

    • Gentrification linked to rural population decline, as wealthier households move into villages and renovate older buildings
    • Counter-urbanisation linked to the mechanisation of farm work, as rural labour moves to towns and cities in search of new jobs
    • Urban resurgence driven by suburban housing growth, which brings new residents and investment back into the city centre
    • Deindustrialisation linked to the rise of the service economy

17. In Britain, urban policy and regeneration since 1979 is best described as:

    • Nationalisation of inner-city land and housing during the 1980s, with councils taking direct public control of redevelopment schemes
    • Market-led approaches such as enterprise zones and urban development corporations in the 1980s
    • Restriction of all urban growth to new towns after 1979, with planning controls preventing any expansion of existing cities
    • Abolition of all regeneration funding from 1979 onwards, leaving inner-city areas to decline without any public intervention

18. Which argument best evaluates the claim that counter-urbanisation is a sustainable pattern of settlement change?

    • It causes all city centres to lose their retail activity, leaving high streets empty and removing shops from the wider region
    • It always reduces the demand for housing in rural areas, since fewer households arrive and existing homes are left unoccupied
    • Movement away from cities can increase car commuting and land take on the rural-urban fringe
    • It removes the need for new transport infrastructure in both origin and destination areas, because residents seldom travel far for work

19. A city's population growth is high but its inner-city population is falling. Which combination of processes best explains this?

    • Urban resurgence with falling outer-suburb populations, as households return to inner-city flats and leave estates on the edge
    • Megacity growth with a rise in rural population, as cities expand into surrounding villages and farmland that absorb extra residents
    • Suburbanisation with outward movement of households to new housing estates
    • Gentrification with rising inner-city populations, as young professionals return to older terraces and renovate them for residential use

20. A former dock area is redeveloped with flats and offices, and residents return after decades of decline. Which process is illustrated?

    • Counter-urbanisation
    • Urban resurgence
    • Urbanisation through rural-to-urban migration
    • Suburbanisation

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