3.2.1.6 Globalisation critique Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Globalisation critique involves weighing:

   • Only the economic benefits of trade, measured by export growth and the number of new jobs created each year
   • Only the environmental costs of shipping, which are measured through emissions from container vessels
   • The benefits of growth, development and integration against costs such as inequality, injustice and environmental impact
   • Only the cultural effects of tourism, assessed through changes in local customs and languages

2. Which of these is an economic benefit of globalisation often cited?

   • Permanent decline in global incomes, as competition drives down wages across every country in the world
   • An end to all international trade, which has been replaced by self-sufficient national economies
   • Growth in trade and investment that can create jobs and raise incomes
   • Greater inequality within every country, since globalisation benefits only the richest households in each state

3. Which environmental cost is associated with globalisation?

   • Increased emissions and resource use from expanded global production and transport
   • Reduction in shipping across oceans, which has fallen steadily as globalisation has grown
   • Elimination of all pollution through trade, which allows dirty industries to be replaced by cleaner ones
   • Stabilisation of all ecosystems, since global trade maintains the balance of natural systems

4. Which statement best evaluates the view that globalisation reduces poverty everywhere?

   • Globalisation has reduced poverty in some places, but benefits are uneven and some groups have lost out
   • Globalisation has eliminated poverty in every country, so no further action on poverty is now required
   • Globalisation has increased poverty everywhere, since no country has gained any benefit from integration
   • Globalisation has had no effect on poverty, which is determined entirely by domestic policy and natural resources

5. Which of these is an example of injustice associated with globalisation?

   • Equal distribution of profits between all companies, so that no firm gains an advantage over another
   • Elimination of all forms of labour exploitation, which global supply chains have achieved since the 1990s
   • Workers in low-wage factories facing unsafe conditions to supply global brands
   • Fair wages for all workers in every supply chain, which are guaranteed by the rules of international trade

6. Which statement about conflict and globalisation is most accurate?

   • Competition over resources and unequal power can contribute to conflict, though globalisation can also reduce conflict through trade
   • Globalisation always eliminates conflict, because economic interdependence makes war impossible between states
   • Conflict is caused only by natural hazards, which force people to compete for scarce resources
   • Globalisation has no connection with any conflict, since trade and war are entirely separate phenomena

7. Which concept best describes the view that gains from globalisation are shared unevenly?

   • A system with no costs to any group, since the benefits of trade always outweigh its drawbacks
   • A system with no winners or losers, in which every participant benefits to the same degree
   • Equal sharing of benefits across all places, with each region and social group gaining the same amount
   • Unequal distribution of benefits and costs across places and social groups

8. Which statement about the environmental impacts of globalisation is most accurate?

   • Globalisation affects only the sea floor, which is the only ecosystem exposed to international shipping
   • Globalisation always improves the environment, because global markets reward the most sustainable producers
   • Globalisation has no environmental impact, since trade does not use any natural resources or produce emissions
   • Globalisation can increase environmental pressure through trade and transport, but it can also spread clean technology

9. Which of these is most likely to reduce the costs of globalisation for poorer groups?

   • Removing all protections for workers, which would lower the cost of production and attract more investment
   • Policies that support workers through training and social protection
   • Limiting access to education and skills, which would stop workers from competing for global jobs
   • Ending all trade with poorer countries, which would keep jobs within the wealthier countries alone

10. Which statement best evaluates the critique that globalisation undermines national sovereignty?

    • Globalisation can constrain national policy choices, though states still retain significant decision-making powers
    • Globalisation has no effect on national policy choices, which are unchanged by trade and investment flows
    • Globalisation completely removes all national sovereignty, which has been surrendered to global companies
    • Globalisation only affects the sovereignty of non-state actors, such as NGOs and trade unions

11. Which of these is an example of a benefit of globalisation for consumers?

    • Fewer goods available in shops, since trade reduces the range of products available to consumers
    • Higher prices for all imported goods, which are taxed more heavily in the countries that import them
    • Reduced access to information, since international markets limit the flow of data about products
    • Greater choice and lower prices for many goods

12. Which statement about the costs and benefits of globalisation is most accurate?

    • Costs and benefits vary between places, groups and time periods, so evaluation must be specific
    • There are no benefits to globalisation, which has only ever increased costs for the people affected
    • There are no costs to globalisation, which only brings gains to the places and groups that take part in it
    • Costs and benefits are identical everywhere, so one general conclusion applies to every country in the world

13. Which of these describes the concept of uneven development in relation to globalisation?

    • All regions develop at the same rate, so that every place in the world grows at a similar pace
    • Development has no spatial pattern, since growth occurs at random across the globe
    • Some regions grow rapidly while others stagnate, increasing spatial inequalities
    • Development is limited to tropical regions, where the climate allows the fastest growth of industry

14. Which evaluation best explains why the impact of globalisation varies between countries?

    • Countries differ in their institutions, resources, policies and position in the global economy
    • The impact depends only on the colour of national flags, which signal the level of openness of each economy
    • All countries respond to globalisation in exactly the same way, since the same forces apply to each equally
    • The impact is unrelated to national policy, which has no effect on how countries benefit from integration

15. A country opens its markets and experiences rapid economic growth, but income inequality rises sharply. Which evaluation is most accurate?

    • Growth has no benefits because inequality increased, so the policy of opening the markets was a complete failure
    • The country was unaffected by the opening of its markets, since growth and inequality are both unrelated to trade
    • Growth has brought benefits, but rising inequality shows that gains are unevenly shared
    • Inequality fell sharply after the opening, which shows that the gains were shared equally across all groups

16. Which of these best describes a critique of globalisation focused on injustice?

    • The argument that globalisation has no social effects, which are limited to the cultural changes it brings
    • The argument that trade always benefits poorer producers, since they are the main beneficiaries of open markets
    • The argument that global trade rules can disadvantage poorer producers and workers
    • The argument that trade has no effect on workers, whose wages are set by their own governments alone

17. Which measure would best help assess the benefits of globalisation for a country?

    • The average temperature of the capital city, which reflects its climate and seasonal patterns
    • The number of volcanoes in the country, which indicates the level of geological activity and hazard
    • Changes in income, employment and access to services over time
    • The number of mountain ranges, which describes the physical geography of the country's territory

18. Which statement best describes the role of critique in understanding globalisation?

    • Critique is only useful for describing the weather, which is the only process it can explain
    • Critique supports the view that globalisation has no effects, which is shown by the lack of clear change
    • Critique involves rejecting all evidence about globalisation, since evidence is always biased in favour of trade
    • Critique encourages a balanced view that weighs benefits against costs and identifies who gains and loses

19. A study finds that globalisation has increased average incomes but worsened environmental quality in a developing region. Which conclusion is most supported?

    • Globalisation has produced only benefits in the region, since the environmental damage is too small to measure
    • Globalisation has produced mixed outcomes, with economic gains alongside environmental costs
    • Globalisation has only environmental effects and no economic effects, which is the most important finding of the study
    • Globalisation has had no effect on the region, since both incomes and environment are determined by other factors

20. Which statement about the 'winners and losers' of globalisation is most accurate?

    • Globalisation affects only the weather, which determines who gains and loses from international trade
    • Nobody gains from globalisation, since the costs fall on everyone equally in every place
    • Some people and places gain from globalisation while others lose out, and this varies over time
    • Everyone gains equally from globalisation, so there are no losers in any country or community at any time

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