3.2.1.4 Global governance Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Global governance refers to:

   • The rule of a single international company that manages the flow of goods and money between states
   • A single world government with power over every state, which makes laws that all countries must obey
   • Rules, norms and institutions that manage issues affecting several or all countries
   • Control of global trade by one country only, which sets the tariffs that apply across the world

2. Which institution was established in 1945 and has a central role in post-1945 global governance?

   • The United Nations
   • The World Trade Organization, which was established in 1995 to supervise the rules of international trade
   • The European Union, which was created as a common market for its member states in the late 1950s
   • The Antarctic Treaty, which was signed in 1959 to regulate scientific activity on the southern continent

3. Which statement about the UN's role in promoting growth and stability is most accurate?

   • The UN has never affected growth or stability, since its agencies operate without any measurable impact
   • The UN has no agencies and no programmes, relying entirely on the decisions of member governments
   • The UN can promote growth and stability through its agencies, but its actions may also create inequalities
   • The UN only works on environmental issues, and it has no role in economic development or trade

4. Which of these is a norm of global governance?

   • The height of a mountain range, which is measured by satellite and recorded in international atlases
   • A specific tariff rate on imported steel, which is set by each national government in its own budget
   • The principle of respecting the sovereignty of states
   • The rate of ocean spreading at a ridge, which is determined by the heat flow of the mantle below

5. Which body is responsible for regulating international trade rules?

   • The UN Environment Programme, which coordinates environmental programmes across the United Nations system
   • The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, which meets to discuss the management of the southern continent
   • The International Whaling Commission, which regulates the hunting of whales in the oceans of the world
   • The World Trade Organization

6. Which of these illustrates the interplay between local and global scales in governance?

   • A volcano erupting in one region only, which has no effect on the policies of any government
   • A local council implementing a national climate policy that follows an international agreement
   • A beach eroding over one season, which is a local process that rarely involves government decisions
   • A plate moving at a constant speed, which is a natural process that is not affected by human action

7. Which feature of global governance makes it hard to enforce agreements?

   • Enforcement is done by a single world police force, which acts against any state that breaks an agreement
   • Agreements have no provisions for any kind of monitoring, so compliance is never checked by anyone
   • All countries are required to follow all rules automatically, which removes the need for monitoring and enforcement
   • Countries retain sovereignty and may choose whether to comply with international rules

8. Which statement best evaluates the effectiveness of global governance?

   • Global governance works equally well for all countries and issues, regardless of the power or interests involved
   • Global governance has been entirely successful in every issue, with no failures in any policy area since 1945
   • Global governance has never achieved anything, since all agreements have been ignored by the states that signed them
   • Global governance has achieved some success but is often limited by disagreement among powerful states and by weak enforcement

9. Which agency is most associated with promoting development finance through lending?

   • The Antarctic Treaty, which provides grants to countries that carry out scientific research in the south
   • The International Whaling Commission, which provides funding for conservation projects in polar seas
   • The International Seabed Authority, which lends money to states for the exploration of mineral resources
   • The World Bank

10. Which of these is an example of a norm that shapes global environmental governance?

    • A requirement that all coral reefs be relocated to deeper water, which is set by the UN Environment Programme
    • A rule that all volcanoes must be painted red, which is recorded in the international rules for hazard signs
    • A law requiring all plates to move at equal speed, which is included in the UN's standards for the crust
    • The principle that polluters should bear the costs of pollution

11. Which statement about the Paris Agreement on climate change is most accurate?

    • It is an international agreement adopted in 2015 to limit global warming through nationally determined contributions
    • It is a treaty that governs the use of Antarctic land only, and it was signed in the 1990s by all countries
    • It is a trade agreement limiting tariffs on coal, which was adopted to protect the coal industry in Europe
    • It was adopted in 1945 with the UN Charter, and it sets the rules for the use of the oceans

12. Which of these is most likely to exacerbate inequality in global governance?

    • Rules that increase transparency in global institutions, so that all members can see how decisions are made
    • Rules that give all countries an equal voice in every decision, regardless of their size or economic strength
    • Rules that prioritise support for the least developed economies in their dealings with richer countries
    • Rules that favour powerful states and corporations in trade negotiations

13. Which statement about the relationship between governance and sovereignty is most accurate?

    • Global governance often requires states to share some sovereignty in return for collective benefits
    • Global governance removes all sovereignty from states, which become subordinate to the decisions of international bodies
    • Sovereignty applies only to non-state actors, such as companies and NGOs, and not to national governments
    • Global governance has no effect on the sovereignty of states, which keep every power they had before joining any body

14. Which factor most influences the success of international environmental agreements?

    • Participation by major emitters and the willingness of states to comply
    • The number of pages in the treaty, since longer agreements are always more binding on the states
    • The colour of the agreement document, which determines how easily it is recognised by officials
    • The distance between the signing cities, which affects the cost of meetings for the delegates

15. Which statement best describes the role of international institutions in managing global trade disputes?

    • They control only the movement of ships at sea, which is the only way trade can be regulated
    • They have no role in trade disputes, which are settled by bilateral agreements between governments alone
    • They ban all trade between countries that disagree, which removes the source of the dispute immediately
    • They provide forums for negotiation and dispute resolution between states

16. Which combination describes the scales at which global governance operates?

    • National only, since governments are the only actors with the power to make binding decisions
    • Global only, with no other scale involved in the making and enforcement of rules and agreements
    • Local, regional, national, international and global
    • Local only, since governance decisions are made in the community where the impact is felt most directly

17. A global agreement sets a limit on emissions, but a country fails to meet its target. Which governance issue does this illustrate?

    • The difficulty of enforcing commitments that rely on national action
    • The lack of any need for national action, since the global agreement itself reduces emissions automatically
    • The success of global enforcement mechanisms, which have compelled every state to meet its targets
    • The effectiveness of a single world government, which has the power to override national decisions

18. Which evaluation best reflects the role of the UN in post-1945 global affairs?

    • The UN has no influence on international development, which is controlled entirely by national governments
    • The UN has been a central forum for diplomacy, though its effectiveness depends on the willingness of member states
    • The UN has had no role since 1945, since its decisions have never been acted upon by any member state
    • The UN has always resolved every conflict immediately, so no further international action has been needed

19. Which of these best describes the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

    • Managing Antarctic research stations, which are staffed by IMF scientists during the austral summer
    • Providing financial support and policy advice to countries facing balance of payments problems
    • Regulating the movement of tectonic plates, which is carried out through monitoring of seismic activity
    • Setting limits on volcanic emissions, which the IMF enforces through its lending conditions on states

20. Which feature of global governance could help reduce inequality between countries?

    • Giving developing countries greater representation in decision-making bodies
    • Limiting the voice of less developed countries in negotiations, so that decisions can be made more quickly
    • Removing all international aid programmes, which would allow poorer countries to develop without outside influence
    • Banning all cross-border investment, which would keep capital within each country and reduce inequality

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