3.2.1.2 Global systems Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Interdependence in the global system refers to:

   • The end of international diplomacy, which has been replaced by competition between states over resources
   • The mutual reliance of countries, economies and environments on one another
   • The complete independence of all states, each of which manages its own economy and resources without reliance on others
   • The decline of cross-border relationships as countries retreat behind their own borders and protect their markets

2. Which statement describes an environmental form of interdependence?

   • Ocean currents never cross national borders, so the seas around each country are entirely separate from one another
   • Pollution from one country can affect air or water quality in neighbouring countries
   • Climate has no effect on other regions, since weather systems remain within the borders of the country where they form
   • Environmental problems are always confined to one country, with no effects on the land or water of neighbours

3. Which issue best shows how unequal flows can create inequality?

   • Equal distribution of wealth across all countries, so that no state gains a greater share of the global economy
   • Global flows of capital never move to poorer countries, which remain entirely unaffected by investment
   • Equal sharing of all global resources between countries, which allows every state to develop at the same rate
   • Migration of skilled workers from poorer countries to richer ones, reducing skills in origin countries

4. Which statement about unequal power relations in global systems is most accurate?

   • Power relations have no influence on trade or politics, which are determined only by market forces
   • All states have equal power over global events, since every country has the same vote in every international forum
   • Power in the global system is distributed randomly, so that no single state can consistently influence outcomes
   • Powerful states can shape global rules and events to their advantage, while weaker states often have less influence

5. Which of these is an example of an unequal flow that can promote growth?

   • Disease spreading through crowded shelters, which slows economic activity in the affected region
   • Migration that leaves families without support, which reduces household income in the home community
   • Pollution that spreads across a border without control, which damages farmland and water supplies downstream
   • Investment that brings technology and jobs to a developing economy

6. Which of these is an example of unequal flows causing conflict or injustice?

   • Equal wages across all sectors of the world economy, which removes incentives for workers to migrate
   • Competition for control of resources such as oil that leads to disputes
   • Free access to healthcare in every country, which removes the need for medical travel across borders
   • Shared use of a stable national currency, which allows trade to take place without exchange costs

7. Which evaluation best explains why interdependence can increase vulnerability?

   • Interdependence only affects the weather, so it has no bearing on economic or political stability at all
   • Interdependence protects all countries from every shock, since linked economies can always absorb losses easily
   • Interdependence has no effect on vulnerability, which depends only on the internal strength of each economy
   • A shock in one part of a global system, such as a financial crisis, can spread quickly to others

8. Which feature of unequal power relations allows some states to influence global events directly?

   • Membership of powerful institutions such as the UN Security Council with veto powers
   • Having the least trade with other countries, which allows a state to make independent decisions
   • Being located on a mid-ocean ridge, which gives a state control over the movement of the seabed
   • Having the largest number of volcanoes, which gives a state greater influence over the scientific agenda

9. Which statement best describes the response of less powerful states to global systems?

   • They often respond through alliances, regional bodies or negotiation, with constrained options
   • They never respond to global systems, since they are entirely excluded from international negotiations
   • They have complete freedom to set global trade rules, which they use to shape the policies of larger states
   • They control all international finance directly, so they can dictate terms to the richer states they trade with

10. Which social form of interdependence is best illustrated by migration?

    • Plate boundaries that connect continents, which allow species and people to move between landmasses freely
    • Ocean salinity that is the same everywhere, which links the water of all seas through a single chemistry
    • Biomes that are separated by mountains, which prevent any contact between the peoples living on either side
    • Family links and social networks that connect origin and destination communities

11. Which economic form of interdependence is best illustrated by trade?

    • Trade that exists only within a single firm, which moves goods between its own sites in one country
    • Each country producing everything it consumes with no imports, which makes it fully self-sufficient
    • Countries with no economic contact, which maintain separate currencies and separate markets
    • Countries specialising in different goods and relying on imports and exports

12. Which action by a powerful state could directly influence geopolitical events?

    • Adjusting the tilt of its national boundary by decree, which changes the territory it claims in the region
    • Changing the colour of its national flag, which signals to other countries its change of political orientation
    • Moving its capital city to a new location within the same country, which has no effect on foreign policy
    • Imposing sanctions or trade restrictions on another state

13. Which combination describes the main dimensions of interdependence?

    • Geological, atmospheric and hydrological only, which are the physical processes that link the Earth's systems
    • Economic, political, social and environmental
    • Agricultural, industrial and tourism only, which are the three main sectors that connect national economies
    • Demographic and religious only, which are the two main social forces that connect the populations of different states

14. Which statement best evaluates the view that interdependence always benefits all countries equally?

    • Interdependence benefits only the poorest countries, which are the only ones that gain from being connected
    • Interdependence brings benefits and costs that are shared unequally, with some states gaining far more than others
    • Interdependence has no effect on any country's wellbeing, since it is simply a description of global connections
    • Interdependence has no costs for any country, since every state gains from every link it forms with others

15. Which statement about interdependence and environmental problems is most accurate?

    • Environmental problems never cross borders, so each state is responsible only for the damage within its own territory
    • Environmental problems can be solved entirely by individual countries acting alone, without any need for cooperation
    • Environmental problems have no link to global systems, since they are caused entirely by local activity
    • Environmental problems such as climate change require cooperation because their effects cross borders

16. A country depends on imports for most of its food supply. Which form of interdependence does this illustrate?

    • Hydrological interdependence through a shared river basin only, which links the water supply of neighbouring countries
    • Atmospheric interdependence through shared weather systems, which carry air masses across national frontiers
    • Geological interdependence through shared plate boundaries, which link the crust beneath two neighbouring states
    • Economic interdependence through reliance on trade for essential goods

17. Which statement about the relationship between power and global governance is most accurate?

    • Powerful states often shape the rules of global governance, which can favour their interests
    • Global governance is controlled by weak states only, which form the majority in every international body
    • Power has no influence on global rules, which are agreed entirely by consensus among equal partners
    • Global governance is always neutral between states, so no country gains advantage from the rules that are set

18. Which measure best reduces unequal power relations in the global system?

    • Restricting all trade between countries, which would prevent any state from gaining an advantage from its position
    • Strengthening the voice of developing countries in international institutions
    • Ending all forms of international cooperation, which would remove the means by which powerful states act
    • Reducing the membership of all international organisations, so that fewer states have influence over decisions

19. Which feature best describes a global system?

    • A single national economy with no external links, which relies on domestic production alone
    • A type of rock formed by volcanic eruptions, which is found in regions of recent crustal activity
    • A set of interconnected places, flows and institutions that link countries across the world
    • A set of isolated communities with no trade, which exist separately from one another

20. Which of these describes an unequal flow that can cause injustice for a place?

    • Export of hazardous waste to a poorer country with weak regulation
    • Investment in renewable energy in a rich country, which lowers emissions for the whole region
    • Donations of food aid after a disaster, which provide immediate relief to affected people
    • Migration of tourists to a popular resort, which brings income to local businesses and jobs to residents

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