Lesson 2.1.3
2.1.3 Episodic and semantic long-term memory Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 2
20 questions
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Lesson 2.1.3, Episodic and semantic long-term memory: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 2: Cognitive psychology, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
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Which type of long-term memory, proposed by Tulving (1972), stores personal events that are linked to a time and place?
- Procedural memory
- Semantic memory
- Episodic memory
- Sensory memory
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Which type of long-term memory stores general knowledge and facts about the world?
- Iconic memory
- Working memory
- Episodic memory
- Semantic memory
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A student remembers that Paris is the capital of France, but cannot recall learning it. Which type of memory is this?
- Episodic memory, since the student recalls a personal event in which the fact was learned at school
- Working memory, since the student is holding the fact in mind at the moment of the question
- Sensory memory, since the student has just perceived the name of the city in the recent past
- Semantic memory, since the fact is general knowledge that is not tied to a specific event
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Which example best illustrates episodic memory?
- Remembering a number for a few seconds until it is typed into a calculator during a task
- Remembering that a triangle has three sides, without any link to a specific learning event at all
- Remembering what you ate for breakfast on your last birthday, including where you were sitting
- Remembering how to tie a shoelace, which is a skill that is stored as a motor routine
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What did Tulving's (1972) distinction between episodic and semantic memory emphasise?
- That long-term memory is a single unified store, with no difference between personal and general knowledge at all
- That long-term memory is entirely visual, with no role for words, meanings or personal experiences at all
- That long-term memory is not a single system, but consists of different types of memory with different contents
- That long-term memory is entirely dependent on the short-term memory's rehearsal loop for its survival
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Which evidence supports the distinction between episodic and semantic memory?
- Case studies of patients who lost personal memories but retained general knowledge, such as the knowledge of language
- Evidence that all memories are lost at the same rate, regardless of whether they are personal or general knowledge
- Evidence that semantic memories are always more vivid than episodic memories in all people and settings
- Evidence that the sensory register is the only long-term store, with no separate types of memory at all
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Which statement about the relationship between episodic and semantic memory is most accurate?
- They are different types of long-term memory, but they can interact, such as when personal experience adds meaning
- They are the same type of memory, distinguished only by the length of time that information remains in the store
- They are the same as the working memory components, with no difference between long-term and short-term memory
- They are stored in the same place with no interaction between them, so personal events never affect general knowledge
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Which evaluation point is most relevant to Tulving's distinction between episodic and semantic memory?
- The distinction applies only to animals, since humans do not have episodic memories of their own personal events
- The distinction has no research support, since no study has ever tested the difference between the two memory types
- The distinction is completely easy to test, since episodic and semantic memories are always clearly separated in practice
- Some distinction is difficult to test, since personal and general knowledge can overlap in everyday memories
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A patient can name famous historical events but cannot recall any of their own childhood experiences. What does this suggest?
- Both memory systems are equally intact, showing that childhood memories are always stored as general knowledge
- Episodic memory is intact while semantic memory is impaired, showing that personal memory is always the stronger type
- Both memory systems are equally impaired, showing that the two types cannot be separated in any patient at all
- Semantic memory may be intact while episodic memory is impaired, supporting separate systems
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Which of these is an example of semantic memory being used in an exam?
- Recalling the definition of a term from a textbook without remembering when the term was first read
- Recalling a personal event from the last exam in which the student felt particularly anxious about the paper
- Recalling the exact room in which the student first read the textbook and the time of day it was read
- Recalling the emotional feeling of walking into the exam hall on the first morning of the examination period
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Which idea about long-term memory is consistent with the multi-store model?
- Long-term memory holds information only as visual images, with no verbal or semantic component at all
- Long-term memory holds information only in the sensory register, which has no connection to the rest of memory
- Long-term memory holds information for a long period, and can hold both personal and general knowledge
- Long-term memory holds information only for a few seconds, and then the information is always lost from the store
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What would a researcher predict about the recall of semantic facts after a brain injury that damages the medial temporal lobe?
- Semantic facts would be improved, since the injury removes the interference from episodic memories in the mind
- Semantic facts may be retained, since semantic memory can be spared while episodic memory is impaired
- Semantic facts would be unaffected, since the injury only affects sensory memory and never reaches the long-term store
- Semantic facts would always be lost completely, since all long-term memory depends on the same medial temporal region
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A researcher uses a diary study to examine personal memories. Which type of long-term memory is being studied?
- Working memory, since the diary records information that is currently being held in mind by the writer
- Semantic memory, since the diary records general knowledge about the world and its facts
- Sensory memory, since the diary records information that was perceived only for a fraction of a second
- Episodic memory, since the diary records personal events linked to time and place
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Which of these is a limitation of Tulving's distinction in research on memory?
- Some memories are always automatic, which means the distinction cannot apply to conscious memory at all
- Some memories contain no information at all, which means they cannot be classified as either type of memory
- Some memories are always visual, which means the distinction only applies to verbal memories in the model
- Some memories contain both personal and general elements, which makes classifying them difficult
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Which feature best distinguishes episodic memory from semantic memory?
- Episodic memory is stored for seconds only, while semantic memory is stored for many years at a time
- Episodic memory has no capacity limit, while semantic memory has a limited capacity of about seven items
- Episodic memory is stored visually, while semantic memory is stored only as sound in the phonological loop
- Episodic memory is tied to a specific personal experience, while semantic memory is general knowledge
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Which of these shows episodic and semantic memory working together?
- Recalling a sensory impression of a flash of light that lasted for only a fraction of a second in the lab
- Recalling a learned fact, such as a historical date, and remembering the lesson in which it was first taught
- Recalling a motor skill, such as riding a bicycle, with no conscious awareness of the event of learning it
- Recalling a random list of numbers for a few seconds with no link to any personal experience or meaning
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Which measurement would a researcher use to test whether episodic memory is impaired more than semantic memory in a patient?
- A single questionnaire about the patient's mood, which measures emotional state rather than memory
- Separate tests of personal event recall and general knowledge recall, compared in the same patient
- A single test of the patient's physical strength in a grip test, with no memory component at all
- A single test of the patient's reaction time to a visual stimulus shown for a fraction of a second
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Why is it important that Tulving's distinction is supported by evidence from brain-damaged patients?
- Because case studies can show dissociations between memory types, which supports the idea of separate systems
- Because case studies show that patients never lose any kind of memory, so the distinction is trivial to test
- Because case studies always prove that all memory is stored in a single place in the brain without exception
- Because case studies show that patients always recover all their memories after brain injury, so distinction is unnecessary
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Which idea does the episodic and semantic memory distinction imply about how personal memories are recalled?
- Personal memories are recalled only through the phonological loop, which holds words but no context at all
- Personal memories may be recalled with contextual detail, such as time and place, which general knowledge lacks
- Personal memories are recalled with no contextual detail, since all memories are stored as general knowledge
- Personal memories are recalled only through the central executive, which holds all memories in one place
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Which statement about semantic memory is correct?
- It stores general knowledge and meanings, such as facts about the world, without a link to a particular event
- It stores only information for a few seconds before it decays, so it cannot hold facts for any length of time
- It stores only the visual image of an object, with no information about the meaning of the object in the world
- It stores only personal events with a time and place attached, and cannot store facts that are general knowledge
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