3B.6.3 Divisions between realism and liberalism Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Politics, Unit 4

The 20 questions

1. How do liberals view human nature, in contrast to the pessimistic realist view?

   • Selfish and aggressive
   • Fixated on power
   • Inherently tragic
   • Optimistic and rational

2. What do realists view as inevitable under international anarchy, whereas liberals view it as avoidable?

   • International law
   • Global governance
   • Economic trade
   • War and conflict

3. How do realists view international organisations, in contrast to liberals?

   • Autonomous global actors
   • Peace-building institutions
   • Tools of powerful states
   • Promoters of collective security

4. Unlike realists, who do liberals regard as significant actors in global politics alongside states?

   • Hegemonic powers
   • Unitary state organs
   • Non-state actors
   • Sovereign monarchs

5. Which liberal concept explains why trading states are less likely to go to war?

   • Economic interdependence
   • Security dilemma
   • Hegemonic stability
   • Balance of power

6. Why do realists believe international treaties often fail to prevent state aggression?

   • Economic decline
   • Absence of trade
   • Lack of enforcement
   • Cultural differences

7. What outcome do liberals argue international organisations help states achieve, challenging realist zero-sum views?

   • Absolute gains
   • Hegemonic dominance
   • Relative gains
   • Territorial expansion

8. According to realists, what characterises human nature?

   • Innate goodwill
   • Perfect rationality
   • Self-interest and power
   • Altruism and harmony

9. What concept do realists use to explain state rivalry when a power rises?

   • Complex interdependence
   • Global governance
   • Balance of power
   • Democratic peace theory

10. What do realists argue drives state behaviour regardless of regime type?

    • Economic interdependence
    • National self-interest
    • International law
    • Democratic values

11. According to realists, what is the main limitation of international organisations?

    • Lack of enforcement
    • Excessive bureaucracy
    • Insufficient funding
    • Democratic deficit

12. According to realists, whose interests do international organisations primarily serve?

    • Global civil society
    • Non-state actors
    • Great powers
    • Developing nations

13. Which concern makes realists sceptical about long-term state co-operation?

    • Technological gap
    • Lack of trade
    • Cultural differences
    • Fear of cheating

14. How do realists view international relations compared to liberal positive-sum optimism?

    • Zero-sum game
    • Post-sovereign society
    • Harmonious community
    • Global democracy

15. What does the realist concept of 'self-help' mean for states in anarchy?

    • Global legal arbitration
    • Relying on alliances
    • Universal collective security
    • Self-reliant security

16. What motivates states to sign treaties according to realism?

    • Relative power calculations
    • Human rights protection
    • Universal moral duties
    • International law obligations

17. According to realists, what does economic interdependence fail to eliminate?

    • Interstate conflict
    • Economic growth
    • Free trade
    • Globalisation

18. What factor explains UN Security Council gridlock from a realist perspective?

    • Great power vetoes
    • Complex interdependence
    • Lack of funding
    • Universal voting rights

19. How do liberals view human nature in contrast to realists?

    • Rational and co-operative
    • Selfish and aggressive
    • Dominated by fear
    • Naturally violent

20. Why do realists argue powerful states reject binding international courts?

    • Lack of judges
    • Loss of sovereignty
    • Cultural differences
    • Excessive court fees

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