2A.2.2 Reforms in England, 1154–89 Quiz: Pearson Edexcel History, Unit 1

The 20 questions

1. What was the main central court and council of royal government under Henry II?

   • Parliament
   • Witenagemot
   • Curia Regis
   • Star Chamber

2. Which financial department audited royal accounts and collected revenue under Henry II?

   • The Wardrobe
   • The Chancery
   • The Curia Regis
   • The Exchequer

3. Which official governed England and led royal justice when Henry II was abroad?

   • The high sheriff
   • The royal treasurer
   • The lord chancellor
   • The chief justiciar

4. What type of tax was the Danegeld, revived briefly by Henry II?

   • Scutage
   • Poll tax
   • Land tax
   • Customs duty

5. In which years did Henry II reform the English coinage?

   • 1158 and 1180
   • 1162 and 1189
   • 1154 and 1166
   • 1170 and 1174

6. Which 1166 legal measure established grand juries to present suspected criminals to royal justices?

   • Assize of Clarendon
   • Assize of Northampton
   • Constitutions of Clarendon
   • Assize of Arms

7. What was the main function of Henry II's itinerant justices?

   • Auditing sheriff accounts
   • Collecting feudal dues
   • Hearing royal pleas
   • Commanding royal garrisons

8. What was a general eyre in Henry II's judicial system?

   • Nationwide judicial tour
   • Taxation audit
   • Military muster
   • Baronial rebellion

9. Which central court developed under Henry II to hear royal pleas in Westminster?

   • Chancery
   • Exchequer
   • King's Bench
   • Star Chamber

10. What legal issues were addressed by the assizes of novel disseisin and mort d'ancestor?

    • Treason charges
    • Land disputes
    • Tax evasion
    • Clerical crimes

11. What was a primary effect of Henry II's financial and legal reforms on royal power?

    • Reduced royal income
    • Abolished royal courts
    • Empowered local barons
    • Strengthened crown authority

12. Which royal official wrote the Dialogue of the Exchequer, explaining royal financial procedures?

    • Thomas Becket
    • Hubert Walter
    • Ranulf de Glanvill
    • Richard fitzNigel

13. How did Henry II primarily maintain control over his vast lands?

    • Papal legates
    • Permanent residence
    • Baronial councils
    • Frequent travel

14. What did both the Assizes of Clarendon and Northampton standardise?

    • Monastic rules
    • Criminal procedures
    • Naval recruitment
    • Ecclesiastical taxes

15. Which payment in place of military service boosted Henry II's revenues?

    • Danegeld
    • Scutage
    • Tallage
    • Tithe

16. Who lost judicial authority as a result of Henry II's expansion of royal justice?

    • Royal sheriffs
    • Itinerant justices
    • Crown clerks
    • Manorial lords

17. Which action alongside itinerant justice reduced the military power of local barons under Henry II?

    • Disbanding the navy
    • Excommunicating bishops
    • Demolishing illegal castles
    • Abolishing scutage

18. What was the primary duty of Henry II's royal Chancellor?

    • Issuing royal writs
    • Trying criminous clerks
    • Commanding royal armies
    • Collecting feudal taxes

19. Put these reforms in order: A) Assize of Clarendon, B) coinage reform of 1158, C) coinage reform of 1180.

    • C, then A, then B
    • B, then A, then C
    • A, then B, then C
    • B, then C, then A

20. What main trend characterised the development of kingship during Henry II's reign?

    • Weakening central governance
    • Rising baronial independence
    • Growing royal authority
    • Decreasing crown power

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