5.7 Growing mismatch between water supply and demand Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Geography, Unit 7

The 20 questions

1. What is the water stress threshold, in cubic metres of water per person per year, used in the spec?

   • 1,700
   • 1,000
   • 500
   • 2,500

2. How is the total global supply of accessible freshwater described in relation to human demand?

   • A finite resource
   • An unstable flow
   • An infinite store
   • A growing supply

3. Which of the following is a physical cause of coastal groundwater insecurity?

   • Saltwater encroachment
   • Over-abstraction
   • Industrial pollution
   • Agricultural runoff

4. Which human action directly depletes groundwater aquifers faster than they can naturally recharge?

   • Evapotranspiration
   • Surface runoff
   • Thermal expansion
   • Over-abstraction

5. Which socio-economic factor contributes directly to rising global demand for freshwater?

   • Declining urbanisation
   • Reduced irrigation
   • Lower industrialisation
   • Rising living standards

6. Water stress occurs when annual renewable water availability per person drops below what threshold?

   • 1,700 m³
   • 1,000 m³
   • 500 m³
   • 2,500 m³

7. Which pollutant causes water insecurity by contaminating freshwater groundwater stores via agricultural runoff?

   • Mine heavy metals
   • Synthetic microplastics
   • Nitrate fertilisers
   • Deforestation silt

8. What is the primary physical cause of water scarcity in arid regions?

   • Industrial pollution
   • Low natural rainfall
   • Excessive river abstraction
   • Unmaintained infrastructure

9. A region providing 1,200 m³ of renewable water per person annually experiences which condition?

   • Absolute scarcity
   • Water security
   • Water stress
   • Water scarcity

10. What is the immediate result when water demand increases while supply remains constant?

    • Supply-demand gap
    • Higher groundwater recharge
    • Increased water security
    • Reduced water stress

11. What primary factor creates global water insecurity in the 21st century?

    • Expanding aquifer storage
    • Supply-demand mismatch
    • Declining global population
    • Reduced crop irrigation

12. Which type of scarcity occurs when water is physically present but inaccessible due to financial constraints?

    • Climatic water scarcity
    • Economic water scarcity
    • Absolute water scarcity
    • Physical water scarcity

13. Which of the following is a human driver of water insecurity?

    • High evaporation
    • Topography
    • Over-abstraction
    • Low precipitation

14. If water supply falls to 70% and demand rises to 110%, what is the supply-to-demand ratio?

    • 0.77
    • 1.57
    • 0.80
    • 0.64

15. Why is groundwater over-abstraction difficult to reverse quickly?

    • High surface runoff
    • Low infiltration rates
    • Rapid evaporation
    • Slow aquifer recharge

16. What is the primary driver of projected global water scarcity in developing regions?

    • Decreasing urbanisation
    • Desalination expansion
    • Falling temperatures
    • Population growth

17. What are the two recognised categories of water scarcity in geography?

    • Global and local
    • Physical and economic
    • Agricultural and industrial
    • Hydrological and meteorological

18. What threshold of annual renewable water per person defines water scarcity?

    • Below 2,500 m³
    • Below 1,000 m³
    • Below 500 m³
    • Below 1,700 m³

19. What process degrades coastal aquifers when groundwater is over-abstracted?

    • Thermal pollution
    • Saltwater intrusion
    • Siltation
    • Eutrophication

20. Why might a country with abundant rainfall still suffer from water insecurity?

    • Unequal spatial distribution
    • Excessive reservoir storage
    • High domestic prices
    • Low evaporation rates

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