Lesson 6D.2
6D.2 Nucleophilic substitution and reactivity trends Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Chemistry, Unit 6
20 questions
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Lesson 6D.2, Nucleophilic substitution and reactivity trends: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0), Unit 6: Organic Chemistry I, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
Which halogenoalkane is the most reactive towards hydrolysis in aqueous silver nitrate?
- 1-bromobutane, a primary bromoalkane in which the bromine is on the first carbon of the chain
- 2-bromobutane, a secondary bromoalkane in which the bromine sits on an internal carbon atom
- 2-iodo-2-methylpropane
- 1-chlorobutane, a primary chloroalkane in which the chlorine is bonded to a terminal carbon atom
-
Which statement explains why iodoalkanes react faster than chloroalkanes?
- Iodine is less electronegative than chlorine, so it stops the nucleophile from attacking
- The C-I bond has a lower bond enthalpy than the C-Cl bond, so it breaks more easily
- The C-I bond is stronger, so more energy is released when it forms
- Chloroalkanes contain more carbon atoms than iodoalkanes
-
Approximately what is the mean bond enthalpy of the C-Cl bond, in kJ mol-1?
- 340
- 240
- 280
- 410
-
Which mechanism describes the reaction of a primary halogenoalkane with aqueous hydroxide ions?
- Electrophilic addition, via a bromonium ion
- Radical substitution, via initiation and termination
- Elimination, forming a carbocation followed by proton loss
- Nucleophilic substitution, SN2, in a single concerted step
-
In the SN2 mechanism of bromoethane with hydroxide, which curly arrow is correct?
- From the lone pair on OH- to the carbon atom, and from the C-Br bond to the bromine
- From the carbon to the hydroxide ion, forming a C-O bond with no electrons
- From the bromine atom to the carbon, with no electron pair
- From the C=C bond to the hydrogen atom
-
Why are primary halogenoalkanes more readily substituted by SN2 than tertiary ones?
- Tertiary halogenoalkanes contain no carbon-halogen bonds
- The C-X bond in a primary halogenoalkane is stronger
- The carbon is less hindered, so the nucleophile can approach it more easily
- Primary halogenoalkanes always form carbocations as intermediates
-
Why does the C-F bond not react readily in nucleophilic substitution?
- Fluorine is always a catalyst in substitution reactions and so is never removed from the molecule
- Fluorine is too large to be attacked by a nucleophile, because its atomic radius blocks the approach
- Fluorine is a radical and does not form stable bonds, so it cannot be substituted by any nucleophile
- The C-F bond is very strong, so it has a high bond enthalpy and is hard to break
-
In a silver nitrate test, precipitate forms in 25 s for one halogenoalkane. Which quantity is used to compare relative rates?
- The reciprocal of the time, 1/t
- The volume of ethanol used only
- The mass of the precipitate only
- The temperature of the bath only
-
Which species is the nucleophile in the reaction of 1-bromobutane with ammonia?
- H+, from the ammonia molecule
- NH3, through its lone pair on nitrogen
- The butyl carbon, with its partial positive charge
- Br-, through its lone pair
-
Why does the reaction of a primary halogenoalkane with excess ammonia give a mixture of amines?
- Ammonia is a radical that forms several products when it reacts with the halogenoalkane in the flask
- The primary amine formed is itself a nucleophile and can react further with the halogenoalkane
- The halide ion attacks the nitrogen atom to form a salt that precipitates out of the reaction mixture
- Hydrogen is released as a gas, which leads to several different products being formed in the reaction
-
Which factor makes tertiary halogenoalkanes react faster in hydrolysis by SN1 than primary ones?
- Tertiary compounds have no hydrogen atoms that could be attacked
- Tertiary halogenoalkanes are more soluble in silver nitrate
- The carbocation intermediate formed is more stable with three alkyl groups
- The C-X bond is weaker only in tertiary compounds
-
Which of the following is the correct order of increasing rate of hydrolysis for CH3CH2Cl, CH3CH2Br and CH3CH2I?
- CH3CH2Br < CH3CH2Cl < CH3CH2I
- CH3CH2I < CH3CH2Br < CH3CH2Cl
- All three react at the same rate
- CH3CH2Cl < CH3CH2Br < CH3CH2I
-
Which statement correctly describes the transition state in an SN2 reaction?
- A radical pair is formed and then recombines
- The nucleophile and leaving group are both partly bonded to the carbon
- A full carbocation is formed and then attacked by the nucleophile
- The C-X bond is already fully broken before the nucleophile arrives
-
Which halogenoalkane would give the fastest precipitate with silver nitrate in ethanol at room temperature?
- 2-bromobutane, a secondary bromoalkane in which the bromine sits on an internal carbon atom
- 2-iodo-2-methylpropane
- 1-bromobutane, a primary bromoalkane in which the bromine is on the first carbon of the chain
- 1-chlorobutane, a primary chloroalkane in which the chlorine is bonded to a terminal carbon atom
-
What is the effect of increasing bond polarity on the rate of nucleophilic substitution, compared with bond strength?
- Polarity has no influence on nucleophilic substitution
- Bond enthalpy usually controls the rate more than polarity, so weaker C-X bonds react faster
- Greater polarity always makes the reaction slower by strengthening the bond
- The most polar bond is always the least reactive
-
Which statement describes the leaving group in nucleophilic substitution of a halogenoalkane?
- The nucleophile, which is removed from the carbon
- The carbocation, which is expelled from the molecule
- The hydrogen atom attached to carbon
- The halide ion, which takes the electron pair from the C-X bond
-
Which halogenoalkane shows the greatest tendency to undergo SN1 in hydrolysis?
- 1-bromopropane, a primary bromoalkane whose carbon bearing bromine is bonded to only one other carbon atom
- Bromomethane, the simplest bromoalkane, in which the bromine is attached to a single carbon atom
- 1-bromobutane, a primary bromoalkane in which the bromine sits at the end of a four-carbon chain
- 2-bromo-2-methylpropane
-
Which bond enthalpy values are in the correct order from strongest to weakest?
- C-Br, C-Cl, C-I
- C-I, C-Cl, C-Br
- C-I, C-Br, C-Cl
- C-Cl, C-Br, C-I
-
A silver nitrate test takes 50 s for one halogenoalkane and 25 s for another under the same conditions. How many times faster is the second reaction?
- The same rate
- Twice as fast
- Four times as fast
- Half as fast
-
What is the role of ethanol in the silver nitrate test for halogenoalkanes?
- It acts as a catalyst that is consumed in the reaction and must be replenished during the test
- It reacts with silver ions to remove them from solution so that no precipitate can form at all
- It acts as the nucleophile that replaces the halogen atom and forms the alcohol product of the test
- It dissolves the organic halogenoalkane, which is poorly soluble in water, so the reaction can proceed in one phase
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