Lesson 12.4.1
12.4.1 Enthalpy of neutralisation and carbonic acid buffering Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Chemistry, Unit 12
20 questions
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Lesson 12.4.1, Enthalpy of neutralisation and carbonic acid buffering: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0), Unit 12: Acid-base Equilibria, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
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What is the enthalpy of neutralisation?
- The enthalpy change when one mole of a salt dissolves in water to give a solution at 298 K
- The enthalpy change when one mole of acid reacts completely with any mass of base
- The enthalpy change when one mole of water is formed from an acid and an alkali under standard conditions
- The energy needed to break one mole of O-H bonds in liquid water at 298 K and 100 kPa
-
What is the typical enthalpy of neutralisation for a strong acid reacting with a strong alkali?
- About +57 kJ mol-1
- About -114 kJ mol-1
- About -10 kJ mol-1
- About -57 kJ mol-1
-
Why is the enthalpy of neutralisation of a weak acid less exothermic than that of a strong acid?
- Weak acids do not react with alkalis, so the enthalpy change is much smaller
- Some energy is absorbed to dissociate the weak acid completely, so less heat is released
- The weak acid releases more energy on dissociation, making the reaction more exothermic
- The water formed from a weak acid has a lower enthalpy of formation
-
Which species form the carbonic acid-hydrogencarbonate buffer in blood?
- H2CO3 (carbonic acid) and HCO3- (hydrogencarbonate) ions
- Sodium and chloride ions, which are the spectator ions in a neutral salt solution
- Dissolved CO2 and O2 gas molecules, which are exchanged in the lungs only
- Hydronium and hydroxide ions, which combine to form water in a strong acid-base reaction
-
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
- About 7.35 to 7.45
- About 5.00 to 5.50
- About 6.00 to 6.50
- About 8.00 to 8.50
-
How does the hydrogencarbonate ion respond when H+ ions are added to blood?
- HCO3- reacts with H+ to form H2CO3, which can decompose to CO2 and water
- H2CO3 releases more H+ ions, which lowers the pH further
- HCO3- reacts with H+ to form carbonate ions which are removed as a gas
- OH- ions are produced that remove the added H+ ions from the blood
-
Which equation shows how carbonic acid is linked to CO2 removal in the lungs?
- H+ + OH- gives H2O + 2CO2
- CO2 + 2OH- gives CO3 2- + H2O
- H2CO3 gives H2 + CO3
- H2CO3 gives CO2 + H2O
-
A reaction of 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 HCl with 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 NaOH gives a temperature rise of 6.8 C. Using c = 4.18 J g-1 K-1 and 100 g of solution, what is the enthalpy of neutralisation?
- +57 kJ mol-1
- -57 kJ mol-1
- -2.8 kJ mol-1
- -114 kJ mol-1
-
If the ratio [HCO3-]/[H2CO3] in blood is 20:1 and the apparent pKa is 6.1, what is the blood pH?
- 7.00
- 8.10
- 6.10
- 7.40
-
If the ratio [HCO3-]/[H2CO3] falls from 20:1 to 10:1, which statement is correct?
- The pH falls by about 0.3 units to about 7.10, which is a move towards acidosis
- The pH rises by about 0.3 units to about 7.70, which is a move towards alkalosis
- The pH falls by about 3 units to about 4.10 because the buffer is exhausted
- The pH stays at 7.40 because the ratio is fixed in blood
-
Which enthalpy of neutralisation comparison is correct?
- The weak acid gives a more exothermic value because it releases more energy when ionising
- Both give identical values because both release H+ ions in water
- The strong acid gives a more exothermic value because no energy is needed to ionise it
- The weak acid gives a positive value because weak acids absorb heat as they react
-
What is log10(20) to two decimal places?
- 0.30
- 1.30
- 2.00
- 1.00
-
When breathing removes CO2 from the blood, what happens to the concentration of H2CO3 and the pH?
- H2CO3 rises because CO2 leaves the blood, so the pH falls
- H2CO3 is unaffected because it is a strong acid
- H2CO3 falls because CO2 leaves, shifting the equilibrium so the pH rises
- H2CO3 rises because CO2 is absorbed into water, so the pH falls
-
What happens to blood pH during hyperventilation, when a person breathes out too much CO2?
- The pH does not change because CO2 is not dissolved in blood
- The pH falls, causing acidosis
- The pH falls below 6.0 at once because hydrogen ions accumulate
- The pH rises, causing alkalosis
-
What ratio [HCO3-]/[H2CO3] gives a blood pH of 7.40, using an apparent pKa of 6.1?
- 20:1
- 10:1
- 1:20
- 2:1
-
The enthalpy of neutralisation of a weak acid with NaOH is -55 kJ mol-1, and that of a strong acid is -57 kJ mol-1. What is the implied enthalpy change for dissociating the weak acid?
- +2 kJ mol-1
- +55 kJ mol-1
- -2 kJ mol-1
- +112 kJ mol-1
-
A student says the blood buffer works because its ratio is 1:1 and gives pH 7.40. Which evaluation is best?
- Incorrect, because the blood buffer contains no carbonate or hydrogencarbonate species
- Incorrect, because the blood ratio is about 20:1, and a 1:1 ratio would give pH near the apparent pKa of 6.1
- Correct, because a 1:1 ratio always gives pH 7.40 in biological systems
- Correct, because any ratio gives the same pH, so the buffer is effective at all concentrations
-
A 25.0 cm3 sample of 1.00 mol dm-3 HCl is neutralised by excess NaOH. The solution has mass 50.0 g, a temperature rise of 5.0 C and c = 4.18 J g-1 K-1. What is the enthalpy of neutralisation?
- +41.8 kJ mol-1
- -4.2 kJ mol-1
- -41.8 kJ mol-1
- -83.6 kJ mol-1
-
Why does the blood buffer rely on the lungs and kidneys as well as the carbonic acid buffer?
- The lungs add H+ ions and the kidneys remove OH- ions to keep the pH constant
- The lungs and kidneys both produce carbonic acid, which is the main buffer
- The lungs remove CO2 and the kidneys regenerate hydrogencarbonate
- The kidneys remove CO2 while the lungs regenerate hydrogencarbonate ions
-
Which statement about the carbonic acid buffer is correct?
- It is equally effective across all pH values because it contains two acids
- It is most effective within about 1 pH unit of its pKa of about 6.1
- It is most effective at exactly pH 7.40 because that is its pKa
- It is most effective only at pH below 2 because carbonic acid is a strong acid
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