Lesson 7.4.2

7.4.2 Cardiac output and ventilation control Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology A (Salters-Nuffield), Unit 7

20 questions

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Lesson 7.4.2, Cardiac output and ventilation control: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) (9BI0), Unit 7: Run for your Life, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which equation defines cardiac output?

    • Heart rate added to stroke volume, which gives the combined measure of pumping activity
    • Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume, which gives the volume of blood pumped per minute
    • Stroke volume divided by heart rate, which gives the volume ejected in each beat per minute
    • Stroke volume minus end-diastolic volume, which gives the volume of blood left in the ventricle

  2. Which term describes the volume of blood ejected by one ventricle in a single contraction?

    • Cardiac output, which is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute of activity
    • Minute ventilation, which is the total volume of air moved into the lungs in one minute of breathing
    • Stroke volume, which is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in a single contraction
    • Tidal volume, which is the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in one normal breath

  3. Which region of the brain contains the cardiovascular control centre?

    • Hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature and hormone release from the pituitary gland
    • Cerebellum, which co-ordinates balance, posture and smooth movement of the limbs
    • Cerebral hemispheres, which control conscious thought and voluntary movement across the cortex
    • Medulla oblongata, which adjusts heart rate and stroke volume through the autonomic nervous system

  4. Which region of the brain contains the ventilation centre that controls breathing rate?

    • Cerebellum, which co-ordinates balance and smooth voluntary movement across the body
    • Medulla oblongata, which sends nerve signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to control breathing
    • Cerebral cortex, which controls conscious thought and voluntary decisions about breathing
    • Thalamus, which relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex but does not control breathing

  5. Which term describes the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in one breath at rest?

    • Vital capacity, the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after the deepest possible breath
    • Tidal volume, the volume of air breathed in or out in a single normal breath at rest
    • Residual volume, the air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful possible exhalation
    • Minute ventilation, the total volume of air moved into the lungs in one full minute of breathing

  6. A student's heart pumps 70 cm^3 per beat at a heart rate of 70 beats per minute. What is the cardiac output?

    • 1000 cm^3 per minute, which is the nearest round figure to the product of the two values
    • 490 cm^3 per minute, which is one tenth of the product of the stroke volume and heart rate
    • 4900 cm^3 per minute, which is 70 multiplied by 70 and is about 4.9 dm^3 per minute
    • 140 cm^3 per minute, which is the sum of the stroke volume and heart rate values

  7. A resting person has a stroke volume of 75 cm^3 and a heart rate of 60 beats per minute. What is their cardiac output in dm^3 per minute?

    • 4.5 dm^3 per minute, found by multiplying 75 cm^3 by 60 and converting cm^3 to dm^3
    • 7.5 dm^3 per minute, found by multiplying the stroke volume by ten and then by the heart rate
    • 1.25 dm^3 per minute, found by dividing the stroke volume by the heart rate and then by ten
    • 0.75 dm^3 per minute, found by dividing the stroke volume by the heart rate and by one hundred

  8. During exercise, a runner's heart rate rises from 70 to 140 beats per minute while stroke volume rises from 70 to 110 cm^3. By what factor does cardiac output rise?

    • About 2 times, since the heart rate doubles and the stroke volume is taken as unchanged in this case
    • About 1.6 times, since the heart rate doubles while the stroke volume rises by a smaller proportion
    • About 4 times, since both the heart rate and stroke volume are assumed to double in the same exercise
    • About 3 times, since output rises from 4900 to about 15400 cm^3 per minute with both changes combined

  9. During strenuous exercise, why does ventilation rate increase?

    • To increase the volume of the heart chambers, so that more blood can be stored during intense exercise
    • To reduce the pH of the blood, which helps enzymes in muscle cells to work more efficiently during activity
    • To supply more oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide from the blood, matching the greater needs of active muscles
    • To remove heat from the blood only, since the lungs act mainly as a cooling system for the body

  10. Which measurements from a spirometer trace allow minute ventilation to be calculated?

    • Residual volume and vital capacity, which together describe the total capacity of the lungs at rest
    • Tidal volume and breathing rate, which are multiplied together to give the volume of air moved per minute
    • Heart rate and stroke volume, which are multiplied together to give the volume of blood pumped per minute
    • Peak flow only, which shows the maximum speed of air leaving the lungs during a forced exhalation

  11. A person has a tidal volume of 0.5 dm^3 and a breathing rate of 15 breaths per minute. What is their minute ventilation?

    • 0.03 dm^3 per minute, found by dividing the tidal volume of 0.5 dm^3 by 15 breaths per minute
    • 7.5 dm^3 per minute, found by multiplying the tidal volume of 0.5 dm^3 by 15 breaths per minute
    • 15.5 dm^3 per minute, found by adding the tidal volume of 0.5 dm^3 to the breathing rate of 15
    • 30 dm^3 per minute, found by multiplying the tidal volume by 15 and then by two for both lungs

  12. Which mechanism explains how the medulla raises heart rate during exercise?

    • Sending signals along the sympathetic nerves to the SAN, which speeds up the rate of impulse firing
    • Releasing adrenaline from the bundle of His, which then speeds up the rate of impulse firing in the SAN
    • Sending signals along the vagus nerve to increase the SAN rate, which slows the heart down at rest
    • Increasing the refractory period of the Purkinje fibres, which lengthens each heartbeat during exercise

  13. Which hormone released during exercise increases heart rate and the force of contraction?

    • Oestrogen, which is released by the ovaries and mainly regulates the menstrual cycle and female reproductive tissues
    • Adrenaline, which is released from the adrenal medulla and increases both heart rate and the force of ventricular contraction
    • Glucagon, which is released by the pancreas to raise blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver
    • Insulin, which is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose after a meal and promote glucose uptake

  14. Which sensors detect a rise in carbon dioxide concentration in the blood and send signals to the ventilation centre?

    • Chemoreceptors, which detect changes in carbon dioxide and pH in the blood and signal the medulla to increase ventilation
    • Photoreceptors, which detect light in the retina and send visual information to the cerebral cortex
    • Baroreceptors only, which detect stretch in the walls of blood vessels and respond to changes in blood pressure
    • Proprioceptors in the knee only, which detect the position of the joint and the tension in the surrounding muscles

  15. Why does a larger stroke volume during exercise help deliver oxygen to muscles more effectively?

    • It allows more blood to be pumped per beat, so more oxygen is delivered per minute when combined with a higher heart rate
    • It reduces the amount of haemoglobin in the blood, which makes each red blood cell carry more oxygen to the muscles
    • It prevents carbon dioxide from leaving the tissues, which keeps the local pH high and improves muscle efficiency
    • It slows the transit of blood through the capillaries, which gives the muscles more time to absorb oxygen from the blood

  16. A student measures a spirometer trace. Breathing rate falls from 20 to 12 breaths per minute while tidal volume rises from 0.4 to 0.8 dm^3. What is the change in minute ventilation?

    • It rises from 8 to 9.6 dm^3 per minute, because the tidal volume doubles while the breathing rate falls by 40 per cent
    • It falls from 8 to 4.8 dm^3 per minute, because the lower breathing rate outweighs the increase in tidal volume
    • It is unchanged at 8 dm^3 per minute, because the rise in tidal volume exactly cancels the fall in breathing rate
    • It rises from 8 to 16 dm^3 per minute, because the tidal volume doubles and the breathing rate is unchanged

  17. A patient has a cardiac output of 5 dm^3 per minute at rest and 20 dm^3 per minute during exercise. Which explanation best accounts for the rise?

    • Only the cardiovascular control centre becomes inactive during exercise, which allows blood flow to increase passively
    • Stroke volume falls to zero during exercise while the heart rate rises sharply to keep the blood moving
    • The heart stops beating during exercise and blood flow is maintained by skeletal muscle pumping alone
    • Heart rate and stroke volume both rise, increasing blood flow per minute to the working muscles

  18. Which statement about the control of heart rate and ventilation rate is most accurate?

    • Both are controlled only by hormones, with no nervous involvement in regulating the heart or the breathing muscles
    • Both are controlled by the same single nerve with no feedback from receptors in the body at all
    • Both are controlled through the medulla oblongata, which receives sensory input and sends nerve signals to effectors
    • Both depend only on the temperature of the blood, which sets the rate of the heart and the breathing muscles

  19. A student claims that increasing ventilation during exercise ensures the heart pumps more blood. Which statement is the best evaluation?

    • The claim is wrong, because ventilation and cardiac output are linked only through the medulla, and each controls a different process
    • The claim is correct, because more air entering the lungs increases the total volume of blood in the circulation
    • The claim is wrong, because ventilation has no effect on the supply of oxygen to the muscles during exercise
    • The claim is correct, because breathing directly pumps blood through the heart chambers during each breath

  20. A heart pumps 5 dm^3 of blood per minute with a heart rate of 80 beats per minute. What is the stroke volume in cm^3?

    • 400 cm^3, found by multiplying the cardiac output of 5 dm^3 per minute by the heart rate of 80 beats per minute
    • 62.5 cm^3, found by dividing the cardiac output of 5000 cm^3 per minute by the heart rate of 80 beats per minute
    • 5000 cm^3, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute of rest, not in a single beat
    • 16 cm^3, found by dividing the heart rate of 80 beats per minute by the cardiac output of 5 dm^3 per minute

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