Lesson 1.2.2
1.2.2 Blood clotting and its role in CVD Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology A (Salters-Nuffield), Unit 1
20 questions
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Lesson 1.2.2, Blood clotting and its role in CVD: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) (9BI0), Unit 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
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What is the role of thromboplastin in blood clotting?
- It dissolves fibrin once the wound has healed to remove the clot
- It catalyses the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
- It converts fibrinogen directly into fibrin without any other enzyme
- It binds red blood cells together to form the clot's mesh
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Which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?
- Thromboplastin
- Thrombin
- Prothrombin
- Plasmin
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Which of these is the correct sequence in the blood-clotting process?
- Fibrin is released, which converts thrombin to thromboplastin, which then converts prothrombin
- Prothrombin is converted to fibrinogen, which then releases thromboplastin that makes thrombin
- Thrombin is released from platelets, which converts fibrin to fibrinogen to form the clot
- Thromboplastin is released, prothrombin is converted to thrombin, and thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
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Why is a platelet plug formed at the site of injury before fibrin is made?
- Platelets are needed to make prothrombin, which is essential before any clot can be formed
- Platelets adhere to exposed collagen and aggregate, providing a rapid initial seal of the damaged vessel
- Platelets are converted into fibrin, which then seals the wall of the artery at the damaged area
- Platelets release thrombin, which then dissolves the endothelium so that repair can begin
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What is the function of the fibrin mesh in a blood clot?
- It dissolves the endothelium to allow new cells to grow into the damaged area
- It prevents platelets from sticking to the damaged wall so the bleeding can stop
- It carries oxygen from the lungs to the damaged tissue during the repair process
- It traps red blood cells and platelets to form a stable clot that seals the damaged wall
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Why does a clot that forms inside an atherosclerotic coronary artery pose a serious risk?
- It makes the blood more viscous, which allows the heart to pump blood at lower pressure
- It causes the heart to beat faster by stimulating the sinoatrial node directly
- It immediately stops all blood flow to the lungs by blocking the pulmonary artery
- It can block the lumen of the artery, cutting off oxygen supply to heart muscle
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Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of clot formation in cardiovascular disease?
- Antihypertensives, which increase the clotting ability of platelets in the artery
- Diuretics, which increase the concentration of thrombin in the plasma
- Anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors, such as aspirin
- Statins, which increase the rate at which fibrin is produced in the blood
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Which statement describes the role of calcium ions in blood clotting?
- Calcium ions are removed from the clot by platelets so that fibrin can be formed
- Calcium ions are the enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin at the wound site
- Calcium ions are required as cofactors for several steps in the clotting cascade
- Calcium ions prevent thrombin from acting so that clotting is kept under control
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A patient takes an anticoagulant drug that inhibits the activity of thrombin. What is the most likely effect on the blood-clotting process?
- Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is slowed, so clot formation is less likely
- Thromboplastin is produced in greater amounts, which increases the rate of fibrin formation
- Platelets adhere more strongly to collagen, which makes clots form faster
- Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is speeded up, so clots form more quickly than normal
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Why does damage to the endothelium promote blood clotting?
- Damaged endothelium releases haemoglobin, which directly converts fibrinogen to fibrin
- The endothelium contains prothrombin, which becomes thrombin only when the wall is damaged
- Exposed collagen and tissue factors activate platelets and the clotting cascade
- The endothelium produces anticoagulants that are then lost, which allows red blood cells to stick
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Which of these best describes a thrombus?
- A fragment of a red blood cell that is carried in the plasma to the liver for destruction
- A blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel and may obstruct blood flow
- A deposit of cholesterol in the wall of an artery that narrows the lumen over many years
- A type of white blood cell that engulfs lipid in the endothelium and becomes a foam cell
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In a clotting experiment, the time for a sample of blood to clot is measured with and without a drug that blocks thromboplastin. What is the most likely result?
- Clotting takes longer in the presence of the drug, because prothrombin conversion is delayed
- Clotting takes less time in the presence of the drug, because thromboplastin is a clotting inhibitor
- Clotting is unaffected, because thromboplastin is only needed after the fibrin mesh has formed
- Clotting is faster only if the drug also blocks red blood cells from entering the clot
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Why are people with haemophilia at higher risk of bleeding?
- They have too much fibrin in the plasma, which causes the blood to clot too quickly and fill vessels
- They have a thicker endothelium that cannot be repaired after damage, which stops healing
- They have excess platelets which block the lumen and so prevent the blood from leaving the wound
- They lack or have defective clotting factors, so thrombin and fibrin formation is impaired
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Which statement is correct about the relationship between clotting and cardiovascular disease?
- Clotting makes the arteries wider, which lowers blood pressure and reduces the risk of heart disease
- Clots forming on a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque can block arteries and cause heart attacks or strokes
- Clotting prevents atherosclerosis by removing lipid from the artery wall before it can build up
- Clotting only occurs in veins, so it has no direct link to disease in coronary arteries
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Which substance is the substrate for thrombin in the clotting cascade?
- Fibrinogen, which is converted into insoluble fibrin strands
- Prothrombin, which is converted into fibrinogen as the clot forms
- Collagen, which is converted into fibrin when the endothelium is damaged
- Thromboplastin, which is converted into thrombin in the presence of calcium
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Which of these is a benefit of platelet inhibitors in cardiovascular disease?
- They lower blood pressure, so that the clotting cascade starts more slowly in the arteries
- They dissolve cholesterol in the artery wall, so plaques are removed and clots cannot form
- They raise the platelet count, so that more platelets are available to seal wounds rapidly
- They reduce platelet aggregation, which lowers the risk of a clot forming on a plaque
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What is the main risk of taking anticoagulant drugs?
- Increased bleeding, because the blood takes longer to clot and wounds are slower to seal
- Increased blood pressure, because anticoagulants constrict the arterioles in the body
- Increased risk of atherosclerosis, because anticoagulants damage the endothelium directly
- Increased cholesterol, because anticoagulants stop the liver from clearing LDL from the blood
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A student adds a calcium chelator to a blood sample to bind free calcium ions. What is the predicted effect on clotting?
- Clotting is accelerated, because calcium ions inhibit thrombin and so their removal releases it
- Clotting is inhibited, because calcium ions are needed as cofactors in the clotting cascade
- Clotting is faster, because the removal of calcium ions increases the concentration of fibrin
- Clotting is unaffected, because calcium ions are only needed for the contraction of muscle
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Which of these is a key difference between thrombin and fibrin?
- Thrombin and fibrin are both enzymes that act on platelets to form a clot
- Thrombin is found in red blood cells and fibrin is found in the endothelium
- Thrombin is an enzyme, whereas fibrin is a fibrous protein that forms the clot network
- Thrombin is a fibrous protein, whereas fibrin is an enzyme that converts prothrombin
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Why is prothrombin described as an inactive precursor?
- It must be converted into thrombin before it can act on fibrinogen in the clotting cascade
- It is destroyed by fibrin once the clot has formed, so it cannot be reused in the cascade
- It is a hormone released by the liver that stops thrombin from being produced in the plasma
- It is a lipid that binds platelets to the endothelium and prevents clotting from starting
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