Lesson 8.5.1
8.5.1 Critical period and visual development Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology, Unit 8
20 questions
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Lesson 8.5.1, Critical period and visual development: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Biology (9BI0), Unit 8: Grey Matter, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
What defines a critical period in visual development?
- Adult recovery period
- Genetic maturation phase
- Essential exposure window
- Lifetime learning window
-
Which visual capability requires balanced stimulation of both eyes during early development?
- Pupil constriction
- Binocular vision
- Light sensitivity
- Colour perception
-
Which animals were used by Hubel and Wiesel to investigate visual cortex deprivation?
- Fruit flies
- Mature dogs
- Kittens
- Adult rats
-
What happens to visual cortex columns corresponding to an eye monocularly deprived early in life?
- They remain unchanged
- They expand significantly
- They shrink significantly
- They grow larger
-
Why can untreated infantile cataracts cause permanent visual impairment in adulthood?
- Cortical connection loss
- Retinal cell degeneration
- Optic nerve destruction
- Permanent corneal scarring
-
Which part of the brain undergoes neural organisation during the visual critical period?
- Optic chiasma
- Retina
- Visual cortex
- Cerebellum
-
What visual input is required from both eyes to develop normal binocular vision?
- Deprived sensory input
- Overlapping visual fields
- Independent visual fields
- Alternating light patterns
-
How was monocular visual deprivation experimentally achieved in early critical period studies?
- Cutting optic nerve
- Removing one eye
- Constant dark exposure
- Suturing one eyelid
-
What is the primary visual defect in adult animals deprived of light in both eyes during early life?
- Enhanced night vision
- Increased visual acuity
- Impaired depth perception
- Loss of hearing
-
What term describes the brain's ability to reorganise neural connections in response to sensory experience?
- Lateral inhibition
- Saltatory conduction
- Neural plasticity
- Synaptic refraction
-
How does early cataract removal compare to late removal in terms of visual recovery?
- Greater recovery
- Lower recovery
- No recovery
- Identical recovery
-
Which human ability, besides vision, is known to have a critical period during development?
- Language acquisition
- Involuntary reflexes
- Blood pressure regulation
- Short-term memory
-
In Hubel and Wiesel's monocular deprivation experiments on kittens, what was observed in the visual cortex?
- Equal binocular response
- Open eye dominance
- Complete neuronal death
- Deprived eye dominance
-
What is the result of uncorrected light deprivation beyond the critical period in infants?
- Temporary light sensitivity
- Normal visual acuity
- Permanent visual impairment
- Complete blindness recovery
-
What role does visual experience play in the visual cortex during the critical period?
- Prevents action potentials
- Decreases synaptic density
- Destroys optic nerves
- Strengthens neuronal connections
-
What constitutes the baseline control group when investigating animal visual deprivation?
- Normal visual experience
- Constant darkness
- Complete isolation
- Monocular deprivation
-
How does neural plasticity in the visual cortex change after the critical period ends?
- Plasticity stays constant
- Plasticity increases
- Plasticity decreases
- Plasticity fluctuates wildly
-
Which factor maintains high neural plasticity in the visual cortex for a longer duration?
- Light deprivation
- Optic nerve damage
- Monocular stitching
- Environmental enrichment
-
How do the effects of visual deprivation in adult mammals compare to those in young mammals?
- Zero difference
- Much smaller effects
- Much larger effects
- Identical effects
-
Which method is used to measure electrical responses of individual visual cortex neurones to specific stimuli?
- Electroencephalography
- Single microelectrode recording
- Functional MRI
- Positron emission tomography
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