Lesson 3.5.1
3.5.1 Genotype, environment, epigenetics and polygenic variation Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology, Unit 3
20 questions
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Lesson 3.5.1, Genotype, environment, epigenetics and polygenic variation: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Biology (9BI0), Unit 3: Voice of the Genome, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
What term describes the observable physical characteristics of an organism?
- Karyotype
- Phenotype
- Genotype
- Allele
-
Which term describes a trait controlled by multiple genes with a continuous distribution?
- Monohybrid inheritance
- Polygenic inheritance
- Codominance
- Sex linkage
-
What alters gene expression without changing the underlying DNA base sequence?
- Epigenetic modification
- Chromosome translocation
- Gene mutation
- Nucleotide deletion
-
What effect does DNA methylation usually have on the expression of a gene?
- Inhibits expression
- Translates protein
- Increases transcription
- Mutates DNA
-
How does histone acetylation generally affect chromatin structure and gene transcription?
- Inhibits translation
- Promotes transcription
- Prevents transcription
- Degrades DNA
-
What main factor causes phenotypic differences between genetically identical twins?
- Chromosome deletions
- Epigenetic differences
- Karyotype changes
- Different DNA sequences
-
Which type of trait is controlled by many genes acting additively?
- Sex-linked trait
- Dominant trait
- Monogenic trait
- Polygenic trait
-
What pattern of variation is shown by a polygenic trait in a large population?
- Uniform distribution
- Discontinuous variation
- Bimodal distribution
- Normal distribution
-
Which factor can change an organism's phenotype without altering its genotype?
- DNA replication error
- Chromosomal translocation
- Gene mutation
- Environmental conditions
-
What is the main function of epigenetic changes passed to daughter cells?
- Induce genetic drift
- Maintain gene expression
- Cause DNA mutation
- Increase chromosome number
-
What type of variation results from alleles at many loci with small additive effects?
- Sex-linked inheritance
- Single-gene inheritance
- Continuous variation
- Discontinuous variation
-
Which term describes the complete genetic makeup of an organism?
- Genotype
- Proteome
- Phenotype
- Epigenome
-
Which environmental factor determines the flower colour variation seen in hydrangeas?
- Chloroplast mutations
- Polygenic inheritance
- Epistatic alleles
- Soil pH
-
How are DNA methylation patterns maintained during cell division?
- Randomly reassorted
- Copied during replication
- Erased completely
- Doubled every cycle
-
How do environmental factors alter phenotype without changing genotype?
- Modifying gene expression
- Deleting chromosomes
- Mutating base sequences
- Inserting new introns
-
Which human characteristic is controlled by multiple genes acting polygenically?
- Cystic fibrosis
- Haemophilia
- Skin colour
- ABO blood group
-
Which of these is an example of an environmental influence on human phenotype?
- Eye colour
- Blood type
- Albinism
- Skin scarring
-
What term describes the full set of chemical modifications on an organism's DNA?
- Epigenome
- Transcriptome
- Proteome
- Genome
-
What type of variation is produced by a single gene with discrete phenotype classes?
- Polygenic variation
- Epigenetic variation
- Discontinuous variation
- Continuous variation
-
Why do environmental factors influence the phenotype of polygenic traits like height?
- Altering amino acids
- Changing DNA sequences
- Altering gene expression
- Inducing gene deletions
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