03B3.2.1 Theoretical views of the role of religion for the individual and society Quiz: OCR Sociology, Unit 10

The 20 questions

1. Which sociological perspective views religion as a conservative force that maintains social order?

   • Functionalism
   • Marxism
   • Feminism
   • Interactionism

2. Who is the classical sociologist most associated with the functionalist theory of religion?

   • Max Weber
   • Karl Marx
   • Emile Durkheim
   • Talcot Parsons

3. What term does Durkheim use for everyday non-sacred aspects of life?

   • Secular
   • Mundane
   • Profane
   • Material

4. According to Malinowski, in what specific individual context does religion help people cope?

   • Class conflict
   • Life crises
   • Economic poverty
   • Political oppression

5. Which sociologist argued that religion helps individuals cope with emotional stress during unpredictable events?

   • Karl Marx
   • Bronislaw Malinowski
   • Grace Davie
   • Steve Bruce

6. What key term does Talcott Parsons use to describe how religion underpins core social values?

   • Value consensus
   • False consciousness
   • Ideological state
   • Patriarchal control

7. Which theoretical perspective views religion as an ideological tool used to maintain ruling-class power?

   • Liberal feminism
   • Functionalism
   • Marxism
   • Postmodernism

8. Which classical sociologist famously described religion as the opium of the people?

   • Emile Durkheim
   • Max Weber
   • Karl Marx
   • Gramsci

9. What Marxian concept describes how religion creates a distorted view of reality for the proletariat?

   • Social solidarity
   • Collective conscience
   • Cultural capital
   • False consciousness

10. Which Marxist concept refers to the ruling class controlling ideas through institutions like religion?

    • Collective effervescence
    • Ideological hegemony
    • Value consensus
    • Secularisation

11. Which sociological perspective argues that religion primarily acts as an instrument of patriarchy?

    • Functionalism
    • Rational choice
    • Marxism
    • Feminism

12. Which feminist sociologist highlighted religious female marginalisation through menstruation taboos?

    • Valerie Amiraux
    • Karen Armstrong
    • Jean Holm
    • Ann Oakley

13. What term does Karen Armstrong use to describe the historical exclusion of women from major religious hierarchies?

    • Spiritual egalitarianism
    • Sacred inversion
    • Religious patriarchy
    • Divine matriarchy

14. Which theoretical perspective argues that religion can sometimes act as a force for social change?

    • Weberianism
    • Radical positivism
    • Dogmatic Marxism
    • Strict functionalism

15. Which study by Max Weber linked Calvinist beliefs to the birth of modern capitalism?

    • The Elementary Forms
    • Suicide Study
    • The Communist Manifesto
    • The Protestant Ethic

16. What term does Max Weber use for the unique worldview and psychological motivation of early Calvinists?

    • Asceticism
    • Altruism
    • Secularism
    • Hedonism

17. What sociological term describes religious movements that actively campaign to transform society?

    • Civil religion
    • Sacred canopy
    • Social cohesion
    • Social change

18. What concept does Robert Bellah use to describe sacred symbols and beliefs uniting a secular nation?

    • Civil religion
    • Denominationalism
    • State church
    • Fundamentalism

19. Which term describes religious beliefs functioning to maintain solidarity within a pluralistic society?

    • Social integration
    • Gender inequality
    • Radicalisation
    • Class conflict

20. Which perspective views religion as a declining institution losing its significance in modern industrial societies?

    • Fundamentalist revival
    • New Age movement
    • Religious market theory
    • Secularisation theory

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