01B3.2.2 Theories of media effects: hypodermic syringe, two-step flow, cultural effects, uses and gratifications Quiz: OCR Sociology, Unit 4

The 20 questions

1. Which media effects model views the audience as passive victims injected directly with messages?

   • Cultural effects
   • Hypodermic syringe
   • Two-step flow
   • Uses and gratifications

2. Who acts as a mediator between the media and the audience in the two-step flow model?

   • Media owners
   • Moral entrepreneurs
   • Opinion leaders
   • State regulators

3. Which model suggests audiences actively select media to satisfy personal needs like entertainment?

   • Cultural effects
   • Hypodermic syringe
   • Uses and gratifications
   • Neo-Marxist model

4. Which long-term theory argues that media gradually drip-feed dominant ideologies into the audience?

   • Pluralist approach
   • Cultural effects
   • Hypodermic syringe
   • Uses and gratifications

5. A teenager watches a violent film and immediately copies the aggression. Which model explains this?

   • Encoding model
   • Hypodermic syringe
   • Two-step flow
   • Uses and gratifications

6. An elderly person asks a tech-savvy friend for their view on a news story before forming an opinion. What does this illustrate?

   • Passive reception
   • Two-step flow
   • Drip-feed effect
   • Hypodermic syringe

7. A worker listens to upbeat pop radio specifically to cheer themselves up after a stressful shift. Which theory applies?

   • Hypodermic syringe
   • Uses and gratifications
   • Cultural effects
   • Hegemonic model

8. Decades of watching television gently normalises patriarchal gender roles across society. Which model explains this?

   • Uses and gratifications
   • Two-step flow
   • Direct injection
   • Cultural effects

9. Which sociological perspective strongly supports the cultural effects model regarding ruling-class ideology?

   • Symbolic interactionism
   • Functionalism
   • Marxism
   • New Right

10. Which approach is often criticised for viewing media audiences as entirely passive and uncritical?

    • Active audience model
    • Reception analysis
    • Hypodermic syringe
    • Uses and gratifications

11. What key concept refers to the active interpretation of media texts, challenging simple injection theories?

    • Injection
    • Transmission
    • Inoculation
    • Decoding

12. Which concept developed by Stuart Hall describes audiences interpreting media texts differently from creators?

    • Hypodermic needle
    • Encoding and decoding
    • Gratification set
    • Two-step flow

13. Checking social media status updates to feel connected to a peer group demonstrates which media need?

    • Personal identity
    • Diversion
    • Surveillance
    • Immediate imitation

14. Reading the daily news specifically to stay informed about world weather and politics satisfies what media need?

    • Imitation
    • Surveillance
    • Escapism
    • Diversion

15. Which media effects model is sometimes referred to as the bullet theory?

    • Uses and gratifications
    • Cultural effects
    • Hypodermic syringe
    • Two-step flow

16. Which term describes the way media can normalise certain behaviours through constant repetition over years?

    • Direct injection
    • Immediate hit
    • Rapid transmission
    • Drip-feed

17. A researcher assumes media audiences are easily manipulated mass-market dupes. Which model are they likely using?

    • Neo-Marxist reception
    • Uses and gratifications
    • Active audience
    • Hypodermic syringe

18. Which media effects model views the audience as entirely active and instrumental?

    • Hypodermic syringe
    • Two-step flow
    • Uses and gratifications
    • Cultural effects

19. What sociological critique claims the uses and gratifications model ignores the power of media owners?

    • Postmodernism
    • Feminism
    • Marxism
    • Interactionism

20. Which model bridges the gap between direct effects and active audiences by emphasising interpersonal communication?

    • Two-step flow
    • Absolute injection
    • Cultural effects
    • Hypodermic syringe

Related quizzes

• Media representations of ethnicity and gender Quiz · 01B3.1.1 · 20 questions
• Media representations of social class and age Quiz · 01B3.1.2 · 20 questions
• Theoretical views of media representations Quiz · 01B3.1.3 · 20 questions
• Theoretical views of media effects: direct, indirect and active audience Quiz · 01B3.2.1 · 20 questions
• The role of the media in deviance amplification and moral panics Quiz · 01B3.2.3 · 20 questions
• Culture, norms and values Quiz · 01A.1.1 · 20 questions
• Diversity of family and household types in the contemporary UK Quiz · 01B1.1.1 · 20 questions
• Theoretical views of the role and formation of youth culture Quiz · 01B2.1.1 · 20 questions
• Positivism Quiz · 02A.1.1 · 20 questions
• Social class and gender inequalities Quiz · 02B.1.1 · 20 questions