Lesson 5.1.2b

5.1.2b Kidney structure and osmoregulation Quiz: OCR Biology, Unit 5

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson 5.1.2b, Kidney structure and osmoregulation: 20 multiple choice questions for the OCR Biology (H020), Unit 5: Communication and homeostasis, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Where in the nephron does ultrafiltration take place?

    • Loop of Henle
    • Glomerulus
    • Distal tubule
    • Collecting duct

  2. What force drives ultrafiltration from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule?

    • High hydrostatic pressure
    • Active transport
    • Facilitated diffusion
    • Low osmotic pressure

  3. In which part of the nephron does most selective reabsorption occur?

    • Collecting duct
    • Proximal convoluted tubule
    • Loop of Henle
    • Distal convoluted tubule

  4. Which hormone increases the water permeability of kidney collecting ducts?

    • Glucagon
    • ADH
    • Aldosterone
    • Insulin

  5. Which part of the brain contains osmoreceptors that detect blood water potential?

    • The cerebellum
    • The hypothalamus
    • The cerebrum
    • The medulla oblongata

  6. Where in the brain is antidiuretic hormone produced?

    • Anterior pituitary
    • Posterior pituitary
    • Medulla oblongata
    • Hypothalamus

  7. How does ADH affect the wall permeability of kidney collecting ducts?

    • Decreases water permeability
    • Increases protein permeability
    • Increases water permeability
    • Decreases glucose permeability

  8. How does ADH secretion and urine concentration change when blood water potential decreases?

    • Decreases, more concentrated
    • Increases, more concentrated
    • Increases, less concentrated
    • Decreases, less concentrated

  9. What effect does drinking a large volume of water have on ADH secretion?

    • Secretion stays constant
    • Secretion stops completely
    • Secretion decreases
    • Secretion increases

  10. What type of mechanism controls blood water potential via ADH secretion?

    • Positive feedback
    • Action potential
    • Negative feedback
    • Co-dominance

  11. What direct consequence occurs when glomerular filtration rate decreases due to kidney failure?

    • Accumulation of urea
    • Higher water potential
    • Increased urine volume
    • Glucose in urine

  12. Which kidney process does haemodialysis primarily mimic to remove metabolic wastes?

    • Active transport
    • Selective reabsorption
    • Osmoregulation
    • Ultrafiltration

  13. Where does exchange occur between blood and dialysis fluid during haemodialysis?

    • Across nephron epithelium
    • Across semi-permeable membrane
    • Within urinary bladder
    • Inside renal vein

  14. Why does kidney failure lead to an abnormal concentration of electrolytes in blood?

    • Overproduction of ADH
    • Excess insulin secretion
    • Disrupted ion reabsorption
    • Increased red cells

  15. What key kidney function is haemodialysis unable to replicate?

    • Urea removal
    • Hormone production
    • Electrolyte balancing
    • Excess water removal

  16. What is the state of a patient's blood water potential if ADH levels are high?

    • Zero water potential
    • High water potential
    • Low water potential
    • Fluctuating water potential

  17. What force drives ultrafiltration of water and solutes into the Bowman's capsule?

    • Capillary oncotic pressure
    • Active transport pumps
    • Low osmotic pressure
    • High hydrostatic pressure

  18. Which process in the nephron reabsorbs useful solutes and water back into blood?

    • Ultrafiltration
    • Selective reabsorption
    • Glomerular secretion
    • Deamination

  19. What type of urine is produced when the collecting duct is impermeable to water?

    • Small volume, concentrated
    • Large volume, concentrated
    • Large volume, dilute
    • Small volume, dilute

  20. Which gland secretes ADH into the blood after detection by hypothalamic osmoreceptors?

    • Adrenal cortex
    • Posterior pituitary gland
    • Anterior pituitary gland
    • Thyroid gland

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