Lesson 4.1.1b
4.1.1b Non-specific defences and phagocytosis Quiz: OCR Biology, Unit 3
20 questions
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Lesson 4.1.1b, Non-specific defences and phagocytosis: 20 multiple choice questions for the OCR Biology (H020), Unit 3: Communicable diseases, disease prevention and the immune system, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
Which structure acts as a primary non-specific physical barrier against pathogens in animals?
- B lymphocytes
- Antibodies
- Phagocytes
- Skin
-
Which cell fragments release substances that start the clotting cascade?
- Platelets
- Neutrophils
- Red blood cells
- Lymphocytes
-
What insoluble protein forms a mesh during the blood clotting process?
- Fibrin
- Fibrinogen
- Prothrombin
- Thrombin
-
Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant, and acts as a phagocyte?
- Monocyte, a large phagocyte
- Lymphocyte, a B or T cell
- Platelet fragment
- Neutrophil
-
Which vesicle forms when a phagocyte engulfs a pathogen during phagocytosis?
- Phagolysosome
- Phagosome
- Lysosome
- Vacuole
-
What role do lysosomes play during phagocytosis in a neutrophil?
- Form blood clots
- Produce specific antibodies
- Release hydrolytic enzymes
- Synthesise histamine
-
Which chemicals released during inflammation attract phagocytes to the site of infection?
- Clotting factors
- Cytokines
- Agglutinins
- Antitoxins
-
How do mucous membranes help defend the respiratory tract against pathogens?
- Secreting histamine
- Trapping pathogens
- Ingesting bacteria
- Producing antibodies
-
Which enzyme converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin during blood clotting?
- Factor VIII
- Thromboplastin
- Prothrombin
- Thrombin
-
Which localised non-specific response causes redness, heat, and swelling at a wound?
- Phagocytosis
- Vaccination
- Agglutination
- Inflammation
-
In which order do the main stages of phagocytosis occur?
- Fusion, digestion, engulfment
- Fusion, engulfment, digestion
- Engulfment, fusion, digestion
- Digestion, engulfment, fusion
-
Which tough protein in the outer layer of skin acts as a physical barrier?
- Fibrin
- Collagen
- Keratin
- Elastin
-
Which property makes coughing classified as a non-specific defence mechanism?
- Responds to any irritant
- Producing memory cells
- Destroying infected cells
- Targeting specific antigens
-
Which cell fragment releases clotting factors to initiate the blood clotting cascade?
- Monocytes
- Platelets
- Erythrocytes
- Neutrophils
-
Which shared cellular feature do both neutrophils and macrophages possess?
- Produce antibodies
- Secrete histamine
- Perform phagocytosis
- Form memory cells
-
Why is the human inflammatory response described as a non-specific defence?
- Involves specific antibodies
- Produces clonal selection
- Responds to any pathogen
- Activates B lymphocytes
-
What is the primary effect of a low blood platelet count on a wound?
- Lower antibody production
- Reduced phagocytosis
- Slower blood clotting
- Decreased histamine release
-
What primary effect do cytokines released at a wound site have on phagocytes?
- Destroy antigens
- Attract them
- Inhibit division
- Digest them
-
What is the primary role of antigen-presenting cells in the immune system?
- Activating T cells
- Releasing histamine
- Producing antibodies
- Engulfing erythrocytes
-
Which term describes primary defences like skin, mucous membranes, and expulsive reflexes?
- Non-specific barriers
- Specific immune responses
- Cell-mediated responses
- Autoimmune reactions
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