3.2.4.8.2 Self-management programmes and 12 step recovery programmes Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 8

The 20 questions

1. What are self-management programmes for addiction?

   • Programmes that rely only on surgery to remove brain tissue from the patient
   • Programmes where people take an active role in managing their own recovery, such as self-help groups
   • Programmes that use only aversion therapy as their single method of treatment
   • Programmes run entirely by doctors who make all of the decisions for each patient

2. What is a 12 step recovery programme?

   • A set of twelve brain scans that are taken over the course of one year
   • A medication schedule of twelve tablets that is taken once each day
   • A structured self-help programme with stages that encourage honesty and support from others
   • A course of twelve surgical procedures carried out on the brain of the patient

3. Which is an example of a self-help group in addiction recovery?

   • A hospital ward that provides only medication and no contact with others
   • A surgery centre that removes brain tissue from patients with addiction
   • A group where people share experiences and support each other
   • A laboratory where neurotransmitters are measured every day for each patient

4. How do self-management and 12 step programmes differ from aversion therapy?

   • They use only brain scans to decide how the treatment should be given
   • They rely on genetic testing alone to choose the course of treatment
   • They focus on support and personal change rather than pairing behaviour with an unpleasant stimulus
   • They focus on pairing behaviour with an unpleasant stimulus rather than on personal change

5. Which evaluation point is most appropriate for 12 step programmes?

   • They may help some people, but evidence on outcomes varies
   • They have been proven to work for every person in every case that is studied
   • They must be used together with aversion therapy to have any effect at all
   • They have no effect at all on any participant who takes part in them

6. A reductionist view of recovery programmes would most likely:

   • Use a range of measures drawn from many different sources of evidence
   • Explain recovery using one factor, such as the person's commitment alone
   • Include the person's whole life context in the explanation of the outcome
   • Consider social, psychological and biological factors together in the explanation

7. A holistic view of self-management programmes would most likely:

   • Reduce recovery to one single cause, such as willpower on its own
   • Consider the person's relationships, thinking, health and social environment together
   • Assume that recovery depends only on the result of a single brain scan
   • Ignore the person's social environment entirely in the explanation given

8. Which feature is common to self-help groups and 12 step programmes?

   • Peer support and shared experience between people with a problem
   • Use of a single brain scan to decide the progress of each person
   • Pairing behaviour with an unpleasant stimulus during each meeting
   • Compulsory surgery as part of every session that is held each week

9. What is an advantage of self-management programmes?

   • They guarantee that every participant recovers within a fixed week
   • They give the person a sense of control over their own recovery
   • They remove the need for any personal effort or commitment from the person
   • They are never affected by the level of social support the person receives

10. What is a limitation of 12 step programmes?

    • They always work in the same way for every person in every setting
    • They are unrelated to the experiences of the other people in the group
    • Their effectiveness can depend on each person's commitment
    • They never require any personal effort or regular attendance from members

11. Why might researchers evaluate self-management programmes using outcome measures?

    • To count how many chairs are in the meeting room at the start of each week
    • To check the colour of the posters displayed on the walls of the room
    • To see whether people reduce substance use or improve wellbeing over time
    • To confirm that the group meets on the same day of the week each time

12. Which principle is central to self-help groups?

    • Strict control by a single authority figure who makes all of the rules
    • Mutual support between people who share a similar problem
    • Individual isolation from all contact with other people in the group
    • Reliance on a single medication for all decisions made about recovery

13. A person joins a support group and sets personal goals with others. Which programme type does this describe?

    • A self-management or self-help programme
    • A genetic screening programme that tests the person's DNA for risk factors
    • A surgical treatment programme that removes tissue from the brain
    • A laboratory-based neurotransmitter study that measures blood levels

14. Which statement about self-management programmes is most accurate?

    • They are unrelated to any form of social support or peer contact at all
    • They remove all responsibility from the individual and place it on the clinician
    • They encourage the individual to take responsibility for change
    • They are the same as aversion therapy in every respect that matters

15. Why might some people prefer self-help groups to medical treatment for addiction?

    • They may feel more in control and find peer support more acceptable to them
    • They never involve any discussion with other people in the group at all
    • They are always free of any personal effort or commitment from the person
    • They are always run by doctors with medical training and clinical authority

16. Which of these describes a key stage often found in 12 step programmes?

    • Admitting that the person has lost control over their substance use
    • Avoiding all contact with other members of the group at all times
    • Taking an unpleasant drug each time the person thinks about drinking alcohol
    • Undergoing surgery to remove part of the frontal lobe of the brain

17. Which factor might make a 12 step programme less effective for some people?

    • Setting clear goals with support from others in the group
    • A lack of motivation or support outside the group setting
    • Having too much social support from family and friends in daily life
    • Attending meetings with other people who share the same problem

18. Which is a strength of self-management that reductionist treatments may lack?

    • It considers the person's social and personal context in their recovery
    • It relies on one test result to make every decision about treatment
    • It uses only a single cause to explain the person's recovery over time
    • It reduces the person's problem to a single chemical level in the brain

19. What does 'abstinence' mean in the context of 12 step programmes?

    • Staying free from using the substance
    • Using a different substance each week to avoid building a dependence
    • Using the substance only at weekends during the course of the week
    • Using the substance in a controlled and limited amount each day

20. Which statement best summarises self-management and 12 step programmes?

    • They support recovery by removing all social contact from the person's life
    • They support recovery through genetic testing alone with no other input
    • They support recovery through personal responsibility, peer support and a holistic view
    • They support recovery through surgery and medication only in every case

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