3.2.4.3.1 Unipolar depression, bipolar depression and sadness Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 8

The 20 questions

1. Which statement best distinguishes unipolar depression from bipolar depression?

   • Unipolar and bipolar depression are identical, with exactly the same set of symptoms
   • Unipolar depression involves manic episodes only, while bipolar involves depressive episodes only
   • Unipolar depression has depressive episodes without mania, bipolar has both
   • Bipolar depression never involves any change in mood from one period to the next

2. How is sadness different from clinical depression?

   • Depression is a normal and temporary response to everyday events and setbacks
   • Sadness is always a permanent condition that never goes away over time
   • Sadness is a normal, usually temporary response, while depression is persistent and severe
   • Sadness and depression have identical symptoms that appear in every case

3. Which is a characteristic of unipolar depression?

   • Frequent switches between very high energy and a deep low mood each month
   • A brief feeling of disappointment after a small setback at school or work
   • Persistent low mood and loss of interest in activities for a long period
   • Temporary anxiety felt before taking a test or sitting an examination

4. A person feels very low for several weeks after a bereavement, then starts to recover. Which is this most likely to be?

   • An addiction that has developed gradually over the period of the loss
   • Unipolar depression that will last for the rest of the person's life
   • A normal grief response that may resolve over time as the person adjusts
   • Bipolar depression with alternating manic and depressive episodes over time

5. Which symptom is part of the ICD diagnosis of unipolar depression?

   • Changes in sleep patterns and appetite levels that persist over time
   • Loss of contact with reality in every setting the person is in
   • Fear of loud noises in public places that is out of proportion to the risk
   • A strong desire to use a substance despite harmful consequences for the person

6. Which of the following is a change in appetite that a clinician might look for?

   • No change at all in eating habits at any point over the whole year
   • A strong preference for foods of one particular colour at every meal
   • A noticeable increase or decrease in how much a person eats
   • Eating only a small set of foods each day for the rest of the year

7. Which of these would count as reduced energy levels in depression?

   • Running several miles without any sign of fatigue on most days
   • Feeling tired and slow for most of the day on most days of the week
   • Feeling energetic and quick after every activity that is done during the day
   • Working through the night for weeks on end without any break or rest

8. A clinician notes low mood, a loss of self-confidence and changes in sleep. What is the most useful next step under the ICD approach?

   • Ignore symptoms that have lasted for less than one full day in total
   • Decide the diagnosis based solely on the patient's height and weight
   • Diagnose the patient based on one symptom alone without any further information
   • Consider the number and severity of the symptoms that are present

9. Which statement about bipolar depression is most accurate?

   • It involves only mild and brief changes in mood over a long period
   • It is identical to ordinary sadness in every respect that can be measured
   • It includes depressive episodes alongside another distinct mood state
   • It involves symptoms that never change in severity over the course of time

10. Which factor helps distinguish clinical depression from a normal low mood?

    • The colour of the clothing the person chose to wear on that particular day
    • The type of music that the person chooses to listen to during the week
    • The number of hours the person spent watching television in the evening
    • The persistence and severity of the symptoms over a period of time

11. A patient has low mood, poor appetite and disturbed sleep for several weeks. Which is most relevant to diagnosing unipolar depression under the ICD?

    • The number and severity of the symptoms present over that period
    • The brand of the patient's phone and the type of case that it uses
    • The patient's favourite colour and their preferred hobby at the weekend
    • The patient's exact weight recorded to the nearest gram on the scales

12. Why is it important to separate clinical depression from sadness?

    • So that sadness can be treated with the same medication in every case
    • So that a normal emotional response is not mistaken for illness
    • So that bipolar depression is never diagnosed in any patient at all
    • So that everyone who feels sad receives a formal diagnosis of depression

13. Which symptom is most consistent with depression rather than sadness?

    • Temporary tears while watching a sad film with a group of friends
    • A decrease in self-confidence that persists across many different situations
    • Feeling down for a short time after a difficult exam at school
    • A brief drop in mood after hearing some bad news from a friend

14. Which of the following describes unipolar depression in the specification?

    • A physical illness with no changes in mood or thinking at any time
    • Depression involving a number and severity of symptoms such as low mood and reduced energy
    • A brief dip in mood caused by one single event in the person's life
    • Depression involving only manic episodes with unusually high energy levels

15. A person has persistent low mood but still goes to work and enjoys some activities. What does this suggest?

    • They cannot have any form of depression while they are still able to work
    • Symptoms may be milder, so the level of severity matters for diagnosis
    • They must have an addiction to a substance that they use only at weekends
    • They must have bipolar depression with manic episodes that are not yet visible

16. Which feature would most help a clinician tell apart unipolar and bipolar depression?

    • Whether the person has brown or blue eyes in their natural colouring
    • Whether the person owns a pet or has any pets at home
    • Whether the person lives in a city or in a village in the countryside
    • Whether the person has ever experienced a period of unusually high and elevated mood

17. What does 'severity' refer to in the ICD diagnosis of depression?

    • The amount of money that was spent on a treatment programme in total
    • The number of different doctors that a person has seen over their lifetime
    • How intensely the symptoms affect a person's daily functioning
    • The colour of the room that was used during the clinical assessment

18. Which of these best describes the difference between sadness and unipolar depression?

    • Depression involves a persistent pattern of symptoms, whereas sadness is usually linked to events
    • There is no difference, because both are identical conditions with the same course
    • They differ only in how many hours of sleep a person has each night
    • Sadness involves a persistent pattern while depression is linked only to events

19. A person's mood swings between very low and very high periods. Which label is most consistent with the specification?

    • Normal sadness, which is a temporary response to events in daily life
    • A single low-energy symptom that occurs with no change in mood at all
    • Unipolar depression, with depressive episodes that occur without any highs
    • Bipolar depression, with alternating mood states over time

20. Which best describes low self-confidence as a symptom of depression?

    • A preference for quiet time alone each weekend with no other plans
    • A lasting sense of self-worth that is much lower than the person's usual level
    • An increase in confidence after the person starts a new job or course
    • A short-lived dip in confidence after a difficult exam result at school

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