3.1.4.3.2 Random, opportunity, systematic and stratified sampling Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 4

The 20 questions

1. In random sampling, how are participants chosen?

   • Every second person on a list of the population is chosen for the study
   • Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected
   • Participants are chosen to match the exact proportions of each subgroup
   • The researcher picks people who are easy to reach in the local area

2. In opportunity sampling, how are participants chosen?

   • Every nth person on a list is chosen to take part in the study
   • Participants are chosen to match the population's proportions in each group
   • The researcher selects people who are available and willing at the time
   • Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection in the study

3. In systematic sampling, how are participants chosen?

   • Choosing people at random from a hat with no list at all and with no fixed interval used
   • Choosing people in equal numbers from each subgroup in the population of the study
   • Selecting only people who are easy to contact by phone or who answer their emails quickly
   • Using a fixed rule, such as selecting every 10th person on a list

4. In stratified sampling, how are participants chosen?

   • Participants are picked from whoever is available that day in the place where the study is run
   • Every tenth person on a list is chosen, regardless of which subgroup they belong to
   • The population is split into subgroups and participants are chosen in proportion to each subgroup
   • Every member of the population is given an equal chance of selection through a random draw

5. A researcher writes each student's name on a card and draws 20 names from a bag. Which sampling method is this?

   • Systematic sampling
   • Opportunity sampling
   • Random sampling
   • Stratified sampling

6. A researcher recruits the first 30 people who walk past the library entrance. Which method is this?

   • Stratified sampling
   • Opportunity sampling
   • Random sampling
   • Systematic sampling

7. A researcher selects every 5th name from a school register of 500 pupils. Which method is this?

   • Stratified sampling
   • Random sampling
   • Systematic sampling
   • Opportunity sampling

8. A school has 60 per cent girls and 40 per cent boys. A researcher wants a sample of 50 with the same proportions. Which method is this?

   • Opportunity sampling
   • Random sampling
   • Systematic sampling
   • Stratified sampling

9. Which method is most likely to give each member of the population an equal chance of being selected?

   • Opportunity sampling
   • Systematic sampling
   • Random sampling
   • Stratified sampling

10. Which method is the quickest and cheapest but most likely to be biased?

    • Systematic sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Stratified sampling

11. A researcher wants a sample that reflects the age groups of the population. Which method best achieves this?

    • Systematic sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Stratified sampling

12. Which sampling method uses a list and a fixed interval to pick participants?

    • Stratified sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Systematic sampling
    • Opportunity sampling

13. Why might a researcher choose random sampling over opportunity sampling?

    • It gives a more representative sample of the target population
    • It always produces significant results that can be published in a top journal
    • It takes less time to recruit participants and can be done in a single afternoon
    • It removes the need for a target population to be defined before the study begins

14. A researcher picks every 10th name from a school register to form a sample. Which sampling method is this?

    • Systematic sampling, which picks every nth name from a list at a fixed interval
    • Random sampling, which gives each name on a list an equal chance of selection
    • Opportunity sampling, which recruits whoever is available and willing at the time
    • Stratified sampling, which picks people in proportion to each subgroup in the population

15. A researcher wants to be sure that women and men are both included in equal numbers. Which method is best?

    • Random sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Stratified sampling
    • Systematic sampling

16. A researcher uses random numbers to choose participants from a list of all students. What is the main advantage?

    • It makes the sample a perfect match for the population
    • It removes the need to define a target population
    • It guarantees the sample is the same size as the population
    • It reduces researcher bias in selecting participants

17. Which sampling method would a researcher most likely use for a quick pilot study with volunteers in a building?

    • Systematic sampling
    • Stratified sampling
    • Random sampling from the whole country
    • Opportunity sampling

18. Which description of stratified sampling is most accurate?

    • It chooses every nth person from the list without splitting the population into any groups
    • It chooses people at random from the whole list only, without any subgroups being defined
    • It chooses every person who is easy to reach in each group, whatever the group's size
    • It divides the population into subgroups and samples each in proportion to its size

19. Which method requires the researcher to know the proportions of subgroups in the population first?

    • Stratified sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Systematic sampling

20. A researcher picks participants from a shopping centre by approaching people who look willing to help. Which method is this?

    • Systematic sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Stratified sampling

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