Lesson 3.1.2.6.2

3.1.2.6.2 Gilchrist and Nesberg study of motivation Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 2

20 questions

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Lesson 3.1.2.6.2, Gilchrist and Nesberg study of motivation: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA GCSE Psychology (8182), Unit 2: Perception, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. What did the Gilchrist and Nesberg study examine?

    • How serial position changes the number of words that people can recall from a long list
    • How motivation can influence what people perceive, showing a link between needs and perception
    • How retinal disparity changes the way the two eyes converge on a near object in the scene
    • How culture changes the depth cues that people use to judge the distance of far-away objects

  2. Which factor was tested in the Gilchrist and Nesberg study?

    • Motivation, the need or desire that makes a person more ready to perceive certain stimuli
    • Culture, the shared customs that shape the way people from one group read drawings
    • Expectation, the belief that a particular object will appear in a particular place in a scene
    • Emotion, the feelings that change how a person interprets a stimulus in a given moment

  3. What is the main conclusion of the Gilchrist and Nesberg study on motivation?

    • Motivated people detect more light in the scene, because their eyes are more active than usual
    • Motivated people perceive all stimuli exactly as they are, with no effect from their needs at all
    • Motivated people recall the stimuli in the same serial order, whatever their needs at the time
    • Motivated people may perceive stimuli related to their needs differently from people who are not motivated

  4. How does motivation link to perceptual set?

    • A motivated person recalls stimuli only at the start of a list, which prevents perceptual sets
    • A motivated person detects more depth cues, which removes the readiness that a perceptual set needs
    • A motivated person has a fixed sensory store, which means that perceptual sets cannot be formed
    • A motivated person is ready to perceive stimuli that match their need, which forms a perceptual set

  5. Which example best illustrates the Gilchrist and Nesberg idea that motivation affects perception?

    • A person who is very calm notices a drinks machine across a busy room faster than others do
    • A person who has learnt the order of a list notices a drinks machine in the list before others
    • A person who is very thirsty notices a drinks machine across a busy room faster than others do
    • A person who has good eyesight notices a drinks machine across a busy room faster than others do

  6. Which statement about the study of motivation in perception is most accurate?

    • It shows that needs and desires can shape what a person perceives, not only what they recall
    • It shows that needs and desires have no link with perception, since the eyes work the same for all
    • It shows that needs and desires can only shape what a person recalls, and never what they perceive
    • It shows that needs and desires shape the number of depth cues available in a flat drawing only

  7. Why might a hungry person be more likely to read an ambiguous shape as a food item?

    • Because hunger reduces the number of depth cues the eyes can detect in a scene at once
    • Because hunger changes the serial position of food items in the list the person recalls
    • Because motivation makes them ready to perceive food, so the ambiguous shape is interpreted that way
    • Because hunger stores food items in the sensory store, which holds them for a long time

  8. What is a limitation of using a study like Gilchrist and Nesberg's to explain everyday perception?

    • The study shows that motivation has no effect at all, so it cannot tell us about real life
    • The study only tests memory, so it cannot say anything about perception in real life situations
    • Experimental stimuli may be artificial, so the effect may be smaller or different in real life
    • The study uses too many depth cues, so the results cannot be applied to a flat image at all

  9. Which factor from the specification is most closely linked to the Gilchrist and Nesberg study?

    • Expectation, because the study showed that people always expect objects to be in a fixed place
    • Motivation, because the study looked at how needs and desires change what is perceived
    • Emotion, because the study showed that feelings change the size of the image on the retina
    • Culture, because the study compared the perception of people from different countries

  10. A person is shown a set of images and asked which one they can see first. Which factor might make one image more visible?

    • Monocular cues, because the images are judged by relative size alone on the screen
    • Acoustic coding, because the images are stored as sounds in the short-term store
    • Motivation, because a relevant need can make certain images more readily perceived
    • Serial position, because the image shown first is always the one that is most visible

  11. What does the Gilchrist and Nesberg study add to the idea of perceptual set?

    • Evidence that perceptual set is formed only by binocular cues such as retinal disparity
    • Evidence that perceptual set is not affected by any factor in a person's life at all
    • Evidence that a need or desire can prepare a person to perceive some stimuli more readily
    • Evidence that perceptual set is caused only by the number of items in the sensory store

  12. Which result would count against the idea that motivation affects perception?

    • Motivated people noticing a need-related object sooner in a busy scene than others do
    • Motivated people perceiving need-related stimuli more readily than unmotivated people do
    • Motivated and unmotivated people perceiving the same stimuli in exactly the same way
    • Motivated people reading an ambiguous figure as the object they need in the scene

  13. Why is a perceptual set useful in everyday life?

    • It stops people from noticing anything that is not related to their current needs at all
    • It removes the need for depth cues, so objects are always judged by their size in the view
    • It helps people notice what matters to them quickly, although it can also lead to errors
    • It increases the capacity of the short-term store, so more objects can be remembered at once

  14. Which is the correct description of the Gilchrist and Nesberg study's focus?

    • How motivation affects the perception of stimuli, as part of the wider study of perceptual set
    • How the sensory store holds visual information for under a second, as part of the store structure
    • How retinal disparity judges depth, as part of the study of binocular depth cues in vision
    • How serial position affects recall of a list of words, as part of the study of memory stores

  15. A person's perception of a drawing shifts depending on what they need at the time. Which study finding does this fit?

    • The Murdock finding that recall follows a serial position curve with primacy and recency
    • The Gilchrist and Nesberg finding that motivation can change what is perceived
    • The Gibson finding that motion parallax gives depth information when the observer moves
    • The Bartlett finding that recall of a folk story is reconstructed using schemas to fill gaps

  16. Which of these best describes the link between motivation and emotion in perception?

    • Both change the number of receptors in the eyes, so the image is detected differently each time
    • Both can make a person ready to perceive some stimuli more readily, shaping perceptual set
    • Both change the order of items in the list, so recall starts at a different item each time
    • Both remove the need for depth cues, so perception depends only on the size of the image

  17. What is a key feature of the Gilchrist and Nesberg study that makes it relevant to the specification?

    • It links the size of the sensory store to the number of receptors in the eyes of participants
    • It links the order of items in a list to the amount of rehearsal they receive from the learner
    • It links a named factor, motivation, to how people perceive stimuli in a way that can be tested
    • It links the number of items in the short-term store to the speed of recall of a list of words

  18. Why is motivation described as a factor that can affect perception?

    • Because a person's needs change the wavelength of light that the eyes are able to detect in view
    • Because a person's needs change the number of items the short-term store can hold at once
    • Because a person's needs change the serial position of objects in the list they recall later
    • Because a person's needs can change which stimuli they notice and how they interpret them

  19. What would a researcher need to measure to test the Gilchrist and Nesberg idea?

    • How many items people can store in the sensory store when they are not hungry or thirsty
    • How well people recall the first items of a list when they are rested and calm
    • How quickly or accurately people perceive a need-related stimulus compared with a neutral one
    • How far apart people's eyes are when they focus on a near object in the scene

  20. Which of these is an example of motivation affecting perception?

    • A hungry driver notices a restaurant sign more quickly than a driver who has just eaten
    • A tired driver recalls the first road sign in a list more accurately than the other signs
    • A calm driver judges the distance of a road sign using retinal disparity more accurately
    • An alert driver stores every road sign in the sensory store for longer than usual

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