Lesson 4.8.1.1
4.8.1.1 Moral, ethical, legal and cultural issues of computing Quiz: AQA Computer Science, Unit 8
20 questions
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Lesson 4.8.1.1, Moral, ethical, legal and cultural issues of computing: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Computer Science (7517), Unit 8: Consequences of uses of computing, written with Revision Ninja.
Host it live on the board and students join with a game code on their own devices, or revise alone with Free Play. The answers are revealed in the game.
The 20 questions
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Which of the following is an example of a moral issue in computing?
- How many megabytes of RAM a laptop needs to run ordinary office software smoothly for a typical working day
- Whether a developer should release code that is known to contain a security flaw risking users' data
- Which programming language is the most efficient for building a large database used across the whole company
- Whether a computer should be replaced after three years in order to save energy and reduce waste in the office
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Why does the specification say that computer scientists have power and responsibility?
- Their work is regulated only by government, so they carry no personal duty for the effects of the code they release
- They are the only people able to use computers to communicate with one another across the world in real time
- The algorithms and code they devise can affect many people, so they must consider the values embedded in them
- Their salaries make them responsible for the total cost of computing equipment used across the whole of society
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What does the spec mean by the issue of scale in software?
- Software needs a larger team of developers each time a single feature is added, so that the work can be divided up
- Software cannot be used by more than a few hundred people at any one time before it stops responding to requests
- Software must be given more memory each time the number of users increases, which is why systems are upgraded regularly
- Software can reach the whole world, so one developer's decision can create great good or great harm
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Which statement reflects the principle of informed consent in the Street View case study?
- Companies may collect any data that is publicly visible, without informing anyone
- People should be aware of what is collected about them and have the chance to agree to it
- Consent is required only after a service has been used for a full year
- Consent is needed only from government bodies, not from the individual residents
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Which description best fits a hypothetical as a teaching technique?
- A computer simulation that predicts the outcome of a national election
- A survey of public opinion about a new piece of technology
- A simplified scenario used to isolate and examine an ethical principle quickly
- A real legal case used to examine the detail of a court's decision
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What does a case study allow students to explore?
- The electrical properties of different types of transmission medium in detail
- The mathematical proof that an algorithm is correct for every possible input
- The tension between competing ethical values and principles in a real-world setting
- The exact syntax of a programming language in a controlled classroom environment
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Which of these is a risk of modern digital technology identified in the spec?
- It reduces the cost of data storage to zero for every user of the technology
- It removes the need for any legislation about the handling of data
- It prevents any personal information from being shared with anyone else
- It makes it easier to monitor behaviour and to amass and analyse personal information
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Which challenge facing legislators in the digital age is most significant?
- Keeping laws relevant as technology changes quickly and crosses national boundaries
- Deciding which programming language government departments should use for their systems
- Choosing the cable types that must be installed in every home network in the country
- Setting the clock speeds of servers that process public records for the state
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Which example shows software embedding moral and cultural values?
- A recommendation algorithm that favours some content over other content according to the designers' choices
- A binary search routine that finds an item in a sorted list in fewer steps than a linear search would need
- A clock circuit that sets the timing of a processor's operations by generating regular pulses at a fixed frequency
- A compiler that translates source code into machine code for a particular processor, using only fixed technical rules
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Why does the specification suggest the Street View case study is useful for teaching?
- It shows how to write a map rendering algorithm in a single pass over the data, which is the main technical skill
- It highlights conflicts between individual and cultural expectations, informed consent, and commercial value
- It demonstrates the hardware required to capture panoramic images from a vehicle driving along public roads
- It proves that collecting public data is legal in every country in the world, so there are no restrictions to consider
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A developer builds a system that millions of people will use. Which principle from the spec applies most directly?
- Scale means the developer needs to test the system on only a single computer
- Scale means small decisions can have large effects, so the developer must consider the wider impact
- Scale means the developer is free from moral responsibility for how the system is used
- Scale means the system should use the lowest possible memory regardless of the number of users
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Which statement about law and computing is most accurate?
- Computing is outside the reach of any law, because it operates only in the digital world
- Laws about computing apply only in the country in which the software happened to be written
- Legal frameworks have always kept pace with computing developments and need no updates
- Legal frameworks often lag behind technology, which makes new developments hard to regulate
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Which is an example of a cultural issue in computing?
- A database that stores customer records in a normalised form to avoid duplicate data across the tables
- A processor that runs at a higher clock speed than its predecessor, which changes the performance of the system
- A website that presents content differently in different countries because of local customs and expectations
- A network that uses a bus topology in a small office, which affects how cables are laid out in the building
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Which individual (moral) issue is most closely connected to the spec's point about monitoring behaviour?
- Whether a server should use solid-state or magnetic disks for its storage, given the cost and the workload
- Whether a laptop battery lasts long enough for a full school day of lessons and independent study in the library
- Whether a printer's toner cartridge should be recycled after it is empty, to reduce waste from the office
- Whether people's privacy is respected when their online activity is tracked without their knowledge
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A company uses personal data to target advertising. Which combination of concerns is most relevant?
- Serial transmission, parity checks and the baud rate of the link that is used to send data between the devices
- Packet routing, DNS registries and the value of the subnet mask used to identify the network part of an address
- Clock speed, word length and the size of the cache memory that the processor uses to hold frequently used data
- Privacy, consent, and the risk that personal information is used beyond its original purpose
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Why can one programmer's choice create great harm at scale?
- Harm occurs only when the programmer deliberately deletes data from the system
- The code runs on only one machine, so the impact is limited to that single machine
- The same code can run for millions of users at once, so any flaw or bias spreads widely
- Harm is possible only if the program is written directly in assembly language
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Which trade-off is typical of a proposal such as Street View?
- The speed of the network weighed against the length of the cable used to connect it
- The clock speed weighed against the size of the address bus in the computer
- The cost of the processor weighed against the number of registers that it provides
- The benefits of a useful service weighed against the risks to privacy and cultural expectations
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In the specification's hypothetical, what should be asked about a proposal before it is implemented?
- Which programming language is fastest, and how many lines of code the final system is likely to need to run
- Whether the proposal can use more memory than the existing hardware can provide without any further upgrade
- How many processor cores the proposed system should use in total, and how they will be shared among the users
- What questions should be asked, who should be consulted, and what benefits, risks and safeguards exist
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Which statement describes a challenge that the spec highlights for computer scientists?
- They must always choose the fastest algorithm regardless of its effects on people
- They must weigh the ability to produce great good against the ability to cause great harm
- They have no responsibility for the software once it has been sold to a customer
- They need to memorise the full specification of each processor in use
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Which approach would best help students evaluate the trade-offs of a new computing proposal?
- Learning the syntax of several programming languages that could be used to build the proposal in practice
- Working through a case study that weighs benefits, harms and conflicting values from several viewpoints
- Calculating the bandwidth needed to send the proposal to every user at once across the whole network
- Memorising the cost of each device used in the proposal in full detail, so that the total can be checked later
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