Lesson SE4-SE5

SE4-SE5 Sources of association and Yates' correction Quiz: AQA Further Maths, Unit 4

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson SE4-SE5, Sources of association and Yates' correction: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Further Maths (7367), Unit 4: Optional application 2: statistics, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. When is Yates' correction normally applied in a chi squared test?

    • Only when the expected frequencies are all above 20
    • Only when the null hypothesis is rejected
    • To 2 x 2 tables with one degree of freedom
    • To all tables with more than 5 rows

  2. Which expression gives the chi squared statistic with Yates' correction?

    • Sum of (|O - E| - 0.5)^2 / E
    • Sum of (O - E - 0.5)^2 / E
    • Sum of (O - E)^2 / (E - 0.5)
    • Sum of (|O - E|)^2 / (E + 0.5)

  3. What is the main purpose of Yates' correction?

    • To improve the chi squared approximation for 2 x 2 tables
    • To remove the need for expected frequencies
    • To increase the value of the statistic
    • To change the degrees of freedom to two

  4. How are sources of association identified in a contingency table?

    • By counting the number of rows
    • By finding the cell with the smallest expected frequency
    • By finding the largest observed frequency only
    • By finding the cells where (O - E)^2 / E is largest

  5. In a cell of a contingency table, what does an observed frequency greater than the expected frequency indicate?

    • More observations occur in that combination than expected
    • The test has failed
    • Fewer observations occur in that combination than expected
    • The variables are definitely independent

  6. Which statement about association is correct?

    • Association always proves causation
    • Association does not imply causation
    • Association means the variables are independent
    • Association can only be found in 2 x 2 tables

  7. What is the 1% critical value for a chi squared test with 1 degree of freedom?

    • 6.635
    • 3.841
    • 5.991
    • 9.210

  8. A 2 x 2 table has observed frequencies 30, 10 in row 1 and 20, 40 in row 2. The uncorrected chi squared statistic is 16.67. At the 5% level with 1 degree of freedom, what is the conclusion?

    • Reject H1, there is no association
    • Accept H1 since the expected frequencies are 20 and 30
    • Do not reject H0, there is no association
    • Reject H0, there is evidence of association

  9. For the 2 x 2 table with observed frequencies 20, 30 in row 1 and 30, 20 in row 2, the Yates-corrected statistic is 3.24. At the 5% level with 1 degree of freedom, what is the conclusion?

    • Reject H0 since 3.24 is greater than 3.841
    • Do not reject H0 since 3.24 is less than 3.841
    • Reject H1 since 3.24 is less than 3.841
    • Reject H0 since 3.24 is positive

  10. A cell has observed frequency 30 and expected frequency 20. What is its contribution (O - E)^2 / E to the chi squared statistic?

    • 10
    • 2
    • 5
    • 1.5

  11. For the same cell with observed 30 and expected 20, what is the Yates-corrected contribution, to 2 decimal places?

    • 4.51
    • 10
    • 5
    • 2.5

  12. Compared with the uncorrected statistic, the Yates-corrected statistic is:

    • Negative
    • Larger
    • Smaller
    • Always equal

  13. A 2 x 2 contingency table test gives a chi squared statistic of 6.2 with 1 degree of freedom. Is the result significant at the 5% level, given the critical value 3.841?

    • Yes, since 6.2 is less than 3.841
    • No, since 6.2 is greater than 3.841
    • Yes, since 6.2 is greater than 3.841
    • No, since 6.2 is less than 3.841

  14. For a cell with observed frequency 12 and expected frequency 10, what is the Yates term (|O - E| - 0.5)^2 / E, to 3 decimal places?

    • 0.225
    • 0.2
    • 0.4
    • 0.9

  15. In Yates' correction, what value is subtracted from |O - E| before squaring?

    • 2
    • 1
    • 0.5
    • 0.25

  16. For the 2 x 2 table with observed frequencies 30, 10 in row 1 and 20, 40 in row 2, what is the Yates-corrected chi squared statistic, to 2 decimal places?

    • 15.04
    • 3.01
    • 16.67
    • 4.51

  17. A 2 x 2 test gives Yates-corrected statistic 3.24 with 1 degree of freedom. What is the conclusion at the 5% significance level?

    • No significant association at 5%
    • Significant association at 1%
    • The test cannot be carried out
    • Significant association at 5%

  18. A survey finds that more smokers than expected have lung disease, with a significant association in the test. Which conclusion is best supported?

    • There is a positive association, but this alone does not prove smoking causes disease
    • Smoking definitely causes the disease
    • There is no association between the two
    • The chi squared test is invalid in this context

  19. An uncorrected chi squared statistic of 16.67 is compared with the 1% critical value for 1 degree of freedom. What is the conclusion?

    • Not significant, since 16.67 is less than 6.635
    • Significant at 1%, since 16.67 is greater than 6.635
    • Significant at 1%, since 6.635 is greater than 16.67
    • Not significant, since the degrees of freedom are 2

  20. A cell has observed frequency 5 and expected frequency 8. What is its Yates-corrected term, to 2 decimal places?

    • 0.94
    • 0.31
    • 0.78
    • 2.25

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