3.3.2.3 Multiculturalism Quiz: AQA Politics, Unit 3

The 20 questions

1. What does multiculturalism mainly promote?

   • The removal of cultural identity in favour of a single global consumer culture shared by everyone
   • The assimilation of all minorities into one dominant national culture, without any exception at all, enforced by the courts
   • The separation of communities into segregated enclaves that have no contact with one another
   • Equal respect for diverse cultures within one society, with protection for the rights of minority groups

2. Which value is central to multiculturalism's anti-discrimination aims?

   • Equal distribution of cultural practices across every region of the state, enforced by law
   • Legal exemption of minority groups from all national laws, including those on public safety
   • Equality of outcome achieved by fixed quotas enforced by the state in every private firm in the economy
   • Equality of opportunity for members of minority groups in education, employment and public life

3. Which best describes integration in multicultural debate?

   • Mutual adaptation between minority and majority cultures within a shared public life
   • The state's refusal to recognise any cultural differences in its law, policy and public institutions
   • Complete adoption by minorities of the majority's culture, with no retention of their own traditions
   • Separation of groups into self-governing communities that share no common public institutions

4. What does segregation mean in multicultural debate?

   • The creation of shared national institutions open to all citizens regardless of their background
   • The separation of groups, which can limit contact and shared institutions between them
   • The movement of groups into a single neighbourhood by free choice, without any form of pressure
   • The fair distribution of public housing among different ethnic groups in each local area

5. Which thinker distinguished negative and positive freedom in Two Concepts of Liberty?

   • Isaiah Berlin
   • John Rawls, who argued that inequalities are justified only when they benefit the least advantaged
   • John Stuart Mill, who argued that liberty may be restricted only to prevent harm to others
   • Thomas Hill Green, who argued that the state should create conditions for self-realisation

6. Which thinker argued for the rights and status of minority cultures within liberal democracy?

   • Bhikhu Parekh, who wrote on cultural pluralism and the limits of diversity in modern states
   • Charles Taylor, who wrote on the politics of recognition and the dignity of human life in society
   • Will Kymlicka
   • Tariq Modood, who wrote on multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism and assimilation in British society

7. Which thinker wrote on the politics of recognition and the dignity of human life?

   • Tariq Modood, who wrote on multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism and assimilation in British society
   • Charles Taylor
   • Will Kymlicka, who argued that liberal states should protect the rights of minority cultures
   • Bhikhu Parekh, who wrote on cultural pluralism and the limits of diversity in modern states

8. Which thinker is associated with a critique of assimilation and the idea of multicultural citizenship in Britain?

   • Isaiah Berlin, who distinguished negative and positive freedom in his essay on the concept of liberty
   • Michael Oakeshott, who argued that political knowledge is practical and rooted in inherited tradition
   • Ayn Rand, who argued that rational egoism and individual rights are the foundation of morality
   • Tariq Modood

9. Which thinker wrote on cultural pluralism and the limits of diversity?

   • Michael Oakeshott, who argued that tradition offers practical knowledge that rationalism lacks
   • Isaiah Berlin, who argued that human values may conflict and cannot always be ranked on one scale
   • Bhikhu Parekh
   • Robert Nozick, who argued that the state should be limited to protecting individual rights

10. What is a common criticism of multiculturalism?

    • It requires all minorities to abandon their languages and traditions in every area of their lives
    • It may entrench group identities and weaken shared citizenship, while individuals within groups may lose freedom
    • It guarantees that minority groups will never face discrimination in any public institution at all
    • It has no effect on public policy, because it is only a philosophical idea and never a legal norm

11. A school allows students to wear religious dress within a uniform policy. Which multicultural principle does this illustrate?

    • Segregation of pupils into separate schools organised by religious affiliation in the area
    • Universal individual rights that ignore group identities entirely in matters of public institutions
    • Recognition of cultural difference within shared institutions
    • Assimilation through a mandatory uniform policy that applies to every pupil in the school

12. A council funds separate schools for each ethnic group, with little contact between them. Which concept best describes this outcome?

    • Segregation
    • Assimilation, in which minorities are expected to adopt the majority culture in full
    • Cosmopolitanism, in which people identify with humanity as a whole, beyond national boundaries
    • Integration, in which mutual adaptation takes place within shared public institutions and services

13. Immigrants are expected to learn the national language and adopt national customs in full. Which concept does this describe?

    • Multiculturalism, which recognises and values the continued cultural identity of minority groups
    • Integration, which involves mutual adaptation and shared institutions across different groups
    • Assimilation
    • Pluralism, which holds that several cultures can coexist within a single society without a dominant one

14. Which is the best evaluation of multiculturalism's record?

    • Multiculturalism has clearly succeeded in every country, leaving no tensions or disputes at all, which the evidence has long confirmed
    • Multiculturalism has no measurable effect and cannot be evaluated by any reliable method
    • Evidence is mixed: it has advanced recognition and anti-discrimination, but debates continue over integration and social cohesion
    • Multiculturalism has clearly failed in every country where it has been attempted in practice

15. What does Berlin's value pluralism argue?

    • Human values are identical across all cultures, so pluralism of values is unnecessary in politics
    • All human values can be ranked on a single scale by reason alone, with no real conflict between them
    • Human values are determined entirely by the state's official ideology, which all citizens must accept
    • Human values can conflict and cannot always be reconciled into a single ranking

16. What does anti-discrimination mean in multicultural policy?

    • A system of separate courts for minority groups, applying their own customary law to members
    • A requirement that all citizens hold the same cultural beliefs and practices in public life
    • A ban on all cultural celebrations in public spaces, in order to avoid conflict between groups
    • Laws and policies that prevent unfair treatment of people on grounds such as race, religion or ethnicity

17. What does cultural pluralism suggest about a society?

    • A society should have separate legal systems for every culture present within its borders
    • Several cultures can coexist and interact, with no single culture necessarily dominant
    • A society must have only one culture, to ensure national unity and public order at all times
    • A society should reject every foreign culture as a threat to its national identity and its way of life

18. What is Taylor's 'benevolent formula for mutual existence' meant to achieve?

    • The removal of all religion from public life in order to secure social harmony between groups
    • The division of the state into separate nations, each with its own laws and its own institutions
    • Mutual existence in which different cultures coexist and recognise each other's dignity
    • The forced assimilation of minorities into a single national language and a single set of customs

19. Which issue dominates recent multicultural debates in many states?

    • Whether minorities should be permitted to vote in national elections at all in a democracy
    • Whether multicultural education should be banned in every school across the country
    • Whether immigrants should be excluded from every public service in the state for a fixed period
    • Balancing cultural diversity with shared national identity and social cohesion

20. Which is the best evaluation of the relationship between multicultural policy and individual liberty?

    • Multicultural policies protect minority cultures but can conflict with individual liberty within them, so balance is needed
    • Multicultural policies have no connection with individual liberty, since culture is a purely private matter
    • Multicultural policies are unnecessary, because liberal rights already cover every cultural practice in every case
    • Multicultural policies always protect individual liberty, because cultures never restrict the choices of their members

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