3.3.2.1 Nationalism Quiz: AQA Politics, Unit 3

The 20 questions

1. What is the core belief of nationalism?

   • Every minority should have its own separate state, regardless of its size, its territorial viability or its economic resources
   • The state must be ruled by a single religion, which binds all citizens into one moral community
   • All nations should be merged into a single world state to end conflict between peoples and states
   • The nation is the basis of legitimate political authority, and each nation should have self-government

2. Which principle links nationalism with popular sovereignty?

   • The power of the church to determine the borders between states according to religious authority
   • The right of the monarch to rule all subjects, whatever their ethnicity or national identity
   • The divine right of kings to rule over any territory they inherit, regardless of its people
   • The nation as the bearer of sovereignty, so that political power should rest with the people

3. What is minority nationalism?

   • A movement seeking to abolish all nations in favour of a single global identity for every person
   • A movement of religious groups seeking exemption from national law on matters of personal conduct
   • A movement of the dominant national group to promote its identity and culture within the state
   • A movement within a state seeking greater autonomy or independence for a distinct national group

4. What is state nationalism?

   • Nationalism of stateless peoples who have no territory, government or recognised borders at all
   • Nationalism of a religious community seeking formal recognition of its identity in international law
   • Nationalism of a minority group within a state that is seeking separation from the central government
   • Nationalism promoted by a state to build loyalty to the nation as a whole, often through symbols and institutions

5. Which concept did Rousseau develop to describe the sovereignty of the people?

   • The majority will, which is simply the sum of all individual votes cast at a given election
   • The market will, which expresses individual preferences as revealed through prices and exchange
   • The divine will, which expresses the commands of God as interpreted by the monarch of the realm
   • The general will, which expresses the common good of the people

6. Why did Rousseau oppose representative assemblies?

   • He believed sovereignty cannot be represented, so people are free only when they vote directly
   • He believed representatives would always reflect the will of the monarch and the aristocracy
   • He believed representation was legitimate only in religious bodies, but never in the civil state
   • He believed representative assemblies should be abolished because they are too expensive to maintain

7. Which thinker argued that language and cultural traditions create a nation?

   • Johann Gottfried von Herder
   • Giuseppe Mazzini, who argued that nationalism must be joined to republican politics and action
   • Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued that the general will of the people is the source of sovereignty
   • Marcus Garvey, who argued that people of African descent should build independent economic power

8. Which idea of Herder valued each people's distinct culture as equal in worth?

   • Imperial unity, which requires all peoples to adopt a single language and a common set of customs
   • Universal reason, which makes every culture identical in its values, laws and forms of government
   • Natural hierarchy, which ranks cultures by their military strength and their power over neighbours
   • The Volk, the idea that each nation has a distinct culture and spirit of its own

9. What did Mazzini mean by the motto 'thought and action'?

   • Action should always follow the decisions of the monarch, who alone determines the nation's course
   • Political ideas should remain private, with public action restricted to religious duties and worship
   • Thought is more valuable than action, so revolutionaries should avoid all forms of political violence
   • Ideas of nationhood must be turned into political action to achieve a republic

10. Which movement did Mazzini found to unify Italy as a republic?

    • Young Italy
    • The Action Francaise, which promoted integral nationalism and monarchy in the French state
    • The Fabian Society, which promoted gradual socialism through education and parliamentary reform
    • The Garvey movement, which promoted pan-African identity and economic self-reliance overseas

11. Which movement is associated with Marcus Garvey?

    • Garveyism, a pan-African movement promoting self-reliance and the return of people of African descent to Africa
    • Ecologism, a movement promoting the protection of wilderness and the sustainable use of land
    • Feminism, a movement promoting equal rights for women in education, work and public life
    • Fabianism, a gradualist socialist movement promoting parliamentary reform and public ownership

12. What was the economic emphasis of Garveyism?

    • Free trade with no tariffs, to promote the global integration of commerce and investment flows
    • Collective ownership of all farmland by the state, under a central planning ministry in the capital
    • Black economic empowerment, through businesses that build African-descended economic independence
    • Strict separation of commerce between races, so that each community remains economically self-contained

13. Which concept is associated with Charles Maurras?

    • Integral socialism, which rejected parliamentary politics in favour of workers' councils and soviets
    • Multicultural pluralism, which accepted all cultures equally in public life and in law
    • Integral nationalism, which rejected democratic principles and foreign influence
    • Liberal internationalism, which rejected nation states in favour of global governance by treaty

14. Maurras's nationalism was hostile towards which groups?

    • Protestants, Jews, Freemasons and foreigners, among others
    • Catholic clergy, royal families and the landed aristocracy of the French state
    • Trade unionists, farmers and urban workers who organised for better wages and conditions
    • Scientists, artists and philosophers who criticised the government of the day in print

15. A movement in a region demands a referendum on independence from the central state. Which type of nationalism is best illustrated?

    • Garveyism, which promotes pan-African self-reliance and economic empowerment in its diaspora
    • Integral nationalism of the dominant group, which rejects democratic principles in its own state
    • Minority nationalism
    • State nationalism, which the central government promotes to build a shared national identity

16. A government promotes a national anthem and a national language curriculum in every school. Which type of nationalism does this illustrate?

    • State nationalism
    • Republican internationalism, which seeks to abolish national borders in favour of a world republic
    • Pan-Africanism, which seeks to unite people of African descent across national boundaries
    • Minority nationalism, which seeks to preserve a distinct language and culture within a larger state

17. A nationalist argues that a people's language and history justify self-government. Which thinker most closely fits this view?

    • Michael Oakeshott, who argued that political knowledge is practical and rooted in inherited tradition
    • Johann Gottfried von Herder
    • Ayn Rand, who argued that rational egoism and individual rights are the foundation of morality
    • John Locke, who argued that natural rights and consent justify limits on government in general

18. Which is the best evaluation of whether nationalism is inherently aggressive?

    • Nationalism can unite and empower people, but exclusive definitions of the nation have linked it to conflict, so effects vary
    • Nationalism is wholly irrelevant to modern politics, since the nation state has disappeared from the world
    • Nationalism is a purely economic doctrine, with no concern for identity, culture or the nature of belonging
    • Nationalism is always peaceful, because nations have never sought to dominate or exclude other peoples

19. Which recent development in nationalism is most often discussed?

    • The abolition of all national anthems by international agreement, enforced in the 1990s by treaty
    • The adoption of a single world language by every government after the Second World War ended
    • The rise of populist nationalism and regional independence movements in several democracies
    • The complete disappearance of national identity in every European state since the end of the Second World War

20. Which best evaluates the view that nationalism is compatible with democracy?

    • Nationalism and democracy are identical concepts, so the two cannot be distinguished in any analysis
    • Nationalism can support democratic self-government, but exclusive definitions of the nation can threaten minority rights
    • Nationalism is incompatible with democracy in every case, because it always requires a hereditary monarch
    • Nationalism has no link to democracy, since it concerns only the geographical position of borders

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