Lesson 1A.2.1

1A.2.1 Revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204 Quiz: AQA History, Unit 1

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson 1A.2.1, Revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA History (7042), Unit 1: 1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which Syrian ruler, based at Aleppo and Damascus, led the revival of jihad against the Latin states from 1149?

    • Kilij Arslan II
    • Zengi
    • Saladin
    • Nureddin

  2. In which year did Saladin take control of Egypt, ending the Fatimid caliphate?

    • 1192
    • 1187
    • 1149
    • 1171

  3. Which battle in July 1187 destroyed the army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and opened the way for Saladin's conquests?

    • The battle of Hattin
    • The battle of Montgisard
    • The battle of Arsuf
    • The battle of Ascalon

  4. Which Latin city fell to Saladin in October 1187, shocking Western Christendom?

    • Antioch
    • Tyre
    • Jerusalem
    • Acre

  5. Which ruler of Jerusalem, a leper who died in 1185, won a notable victory over Saladin at Montgisard in 1177?

    • Guy of Lusignan
    • Baldwin IV
    • Amalric I
    • Baldwin II

  6. Which English king, who took the cross in 1188, died in 1189 without leading the Third Crusade?

    • Henry II
    • Stephen
    • John
    • Richard I

  7. Which Holy Roman Emperor drowned in 1190 while travelling to the Third Crusade?

    • Henry VI, who planned an expedition to the East but died in Sicily before it could sail
    • Conrad III, who led a separate German army to the Holy Land during the Second Crusade
    • Frederick Barbarossa
    • Frederick II, who gained Jerusalem by treaty in 1229 without fighting any major battle

  8. Which pope issued the bull Audita tremendi in 1187, calling for a new crusade after the loss of Jerusalem?

    • Urban II
    • Eugenius III
    • Gregory VIII
    • Innocent III

  9. Which Latin city did the crusaders besiege and capture in 1191 during the Third Crusade?

    • Jaffa
    • Tyre
    • Acre
    • Ascalon

  10. Which treaty ended the Third Crusade in 1192, leaving Jerusalem in Muslim hands while allowing Christian pilgrim access?

    • The Treaty of Venice
    • The Treaty of Jaffa
    • The Treaty of Constance
    • The Treaty of Ascalon

  11. Which Christian city did the Fourth Crusade divert to attack in 1202, instead of marching to the Holy Land?

    • Constantinople
    • Alexandria
    • Corinth
    • Zara

  12. Which pope, in office from 1198, promoted the Fourth Crusade and sought to control the crusading movement?

    • Innocent III
    • Clement III
    • Celestine III
    • Gregory VIII

  13. Which elderly Venetian doge was a key leader in directing the Fourth Crusade towards Constantinople?

    • Sebastiano Ziani
    • Enrico Dandolo
    • Francesco Foscari
    • Pietro Orseolo

  14. In which year did the crusaders sack Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, during the Fourth Crusade?

    • 1204
    • 1212
    • 1187
    • 1192

  15. How many years separated the fall of Jerusalem in 1187 and the sack of Constantinople in 1204?

    • 27 years
    • 21 years
    • 13 years
    • 17 years

  16. How many years separated Saladin's conquest of Egypt in 1171 and his capture of Jerusalem in 1187?

    • 16 years
    • 12 years
    • 20 years
    • 26 years

  17. Which statement best explains why the Muslim counter-crusade gained strength between 1149 and 1187?

    • Unity under Nureddin and Saladin, combined with the rhetoric of jihad, outweighed Latin divisions
    • The Fatimid caliphate expanded its rule over the whole Levant, which united the Muslim powers
    • The Byzantine Empire took the lead in driving the Latin states out of Syria during the 1150s and 1160s
    • Papal armies were permanently stationed in Palestine after 1149, which strengthened Latin defences

  18. Which factor best explains why the Third Crusade failed to recapture Jerusalem?

    • The early death of Saladin before any major battle was fought, which prevented the crusaders from making a deal
    • Rivalries among the leaders, including Richard I and Philip II, and a focus on coastal cities rather than the holy city
    • A decision by the pope to withdraw support for all crusaders in 1191, which ended all papal funding
    • The collapse of the crusader fleet in the Mediterranean in 1190, which left the army without any supply

  19. Why did the Fourth Crusade make no impact on Muslim power, according to the spec's themes?

    • Its funding was cut off by the Byzantine emperor in 1198, which stopped the fleet from sailing at all
    • Its leaders were killed by Saladin's army at Hattin, which ended the crusade before it reached the coast
    • Its troops were defeated by the Fatimid navy off Acre, which prevented any landing on the Syrian coast
    • Its leaders diverted it to Christian targets, so it never reached the Holy Land

  20. Which statement best assesses the legacy of the crusades by 1204 for Byzantium?

    • The Latin West was driven out of the Balkans by Byzantine armies, which restored the old frontier with Venice
    • The sack of Constantinople left lasting bitterness and weakened Byzantium's ability to resist Muslim and Latin powers
    • The Byzantine Empire united with the papacy at once and remained unified in the years that followed the sack
    • Byzantium gained control of Jerusalem and all the Syrian ports after the Fourth Crusade, which reunited the empire

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