Lesson 1A.1.1

1A.1.1 Crusader states, Outremer and the early Crusades, c1071–1149 Quiz: AQA History, Unit 1

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson 1A.1.1, Crusader states, Outremer and the early Crusades, c1071–1149: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA History (7042), Unit 1: 1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which Byzantine emperor asked Western Christendom for military help in 1095, a request that helped prompt the First Crusade?

    • Basil II Bulgaroktonos
    • Alexios I Komnenos
    • Constantine XI Palaiologos
    • Michael VIII Palaiologos

  2. At which church council in November 1095 did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade?

    • The Council of Trent
    • The Council of Constance
    • The Council of Nicaea
    • The Council of Clermont

  3. Which city did the main crusader army capture in July 1099, ending the principal campaign of the First Crusade?

    • Edessa
    • Acre
    • Antioch
    • Jerusalem

  4. Who became the first King of Jerusalem in 1100, after Godfrey of Bouillon declined the royal title?

    • Bohemond of Taranto
    • Tancred of Hauteville
    • Raymond of Toulouse
    • Baldwin I

  5. Which Muslim ruler's capture of Edessa in 1144 was the immediate trigger for the Second Crusade?

    • Tughtakin of Damascus
    • Saladin
    • Zengi
    • Nureddin

  6. Which military order was founded in Jerusalem around 1119 to protect pilgrims on the roads?

    • The Teutonic Order
    • The Knights Templar
    • The Order of Santiago
    • The Order of Calatrava

  7. Which queen of Jerusalem ruled in her own right between 1131 and 1152?

    • Melisende
    • Sibylla
    • Isabella I
    • Eleanor of Aquitaine

  8. A historian argues that Outremer relied on sea trade and pilgrimage revenue. Which evidence would best support this claim?

    • Tax registers from the Fatimid court in Cairo recording the payments made by pilgrims to Jerusalem
    • Papal bulls ordering new crusades to the East and granting indulgences to every knight who fought in Spain
    • Customs and merchant records from Acre and Tyre showing Italian commercial communities
    • Byzantine coinage struck at the mint in Antioch, showing Greek inscriptions and imperial portraits

  9. Which group provided most of the permanent garrisons in the castles of Outremer by the mid-twelfth century?

    • Imperial troops sent from Constantinople
    • The military orders, such as the Templars and Hospitallers
    • Muslim mercenaries paid by the kings
    • Venetian marines serving as a standing garrison

  10. Why was the failed siege of Damascus in 1148 important for the Second Crusade?

    • It led directly to the Latin capture of Constantinople and the division of the Byzantine lands between the crusaders
    • It ended Zengi's dynasty in northern Syria by capturing Aleppo and Mosul together in a single campaign
    • It damaged crusader prestige and encouraged recriminations among the Latin leaders
    • It secured Damascus for the Kingdom of Jerusalem for a generation and ended Nureddin's rivalry in Syria for good

  11. Which factor was the most significant reason the crusaders succeeded in 1099 despite lacking unified command?

    • Papal control over every crusader army, which allowed the pope to direct each campaign from Rome
    • Full military support from the Byzantine army at Jerusalem, which joined the siege from its first day
    • Division among Muslim powers, including rivalry between the Seljuk sultanate and the Fatimids of Egypt
    • Immediate surrender of Muslim cities without siege, because local rulers agreed to pay tribute to Latin lords

  12. What was the most significant consequence of the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at Manzikert in 1071?

    • Loss of the Balkan provinces to a Bulgarian kingdom, which cut off the empire's access to Danube trade routes
    • Loss of much of Anatolia, which reduced Byzantine recruitment and tax revenue
    • The collapse of the Byzantine navy in the Aegean, which left the empire unable to transport troops east
    • Permanent Byzantine control of northern Syria, which was secured by treaties signed with the Seljuk sultan

  13. Which factor most consistently undermined the security of the Latin states in the 1150s and 1160s?

    • Papal refusal to send any money or men to the East, which left the Latin states without funding after 1149
    • Continuous Byzantine naval attacks on the coast of Palestine, which cut the Latin states off from Italian supplies
    • Rivalries between Latin leaders and disputed successions within the Kingdom of Jerusalem
    • A unified Muslim state that controlled both Egypt and Syria from a single capital in Cairo by 1150

  14. Which statement best evaluates the impact of the First Crusade on the Byzantine Empire?

    • It brought little lasting security, because crusader states competed with Byzantium over Antioch and other Syrian lands
    • It placed the Patriarch of Constantinople under the authority of Rome, which ended the schism between the churches for good
    • It restored the Byzantine frontier to the Euphrates for the first time since 1071, which secured Anatolia for a generation
    • It ended Seljuk power in Anatolia permanently, which allowed Byzantium to recover its lost provinces in full

  15. Why did Zengi's use of jihad rhetoric matter for the later crusades?

    • It framed the struggle against the Franks as holy war, helping unify Muslim forces under Nureddin and later Saladin
    • It stopped the Seljuks from ever contesting Syria again, which left the Latin states free to expand into the interior
    • It persuaded the Byzantines to join an alliance with the Muslim states against the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem
    • It led the Fatimids of Egypt to recognise the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem and to pay it an annual tribute

  16. Which consequence best illustrates the dual roles of the military orders in Outremer?

    • They were entirely exempt from papal authority and from all taxation, which allowed them to act without any oversight
    • Their land and income supported both castle garrisons and pilgrim care, linking military and religious functions
    • Their income was used mainly to purchase Byzantine court titles, which gave them access to the imperial council
    • Their funds were used to build the Fatimid navy in Egypt, which later defeated the Latin fleet off Alexandria

  17. Which change best shows that the outcome of the Second Crusade shaped later Muslim-Christian relations?

    • The papacy stopped preaching crusades until the end of the twelfth century, when Innocent III revived the movement
    • The Latin kings abandoned all claims to Jerusalem by 1150, which ended the crusader kingdom's ambitions in Syria
    • Byzantine forces captured Damascus and held it until 1187, when Saladin finally forced them to withdraw
    • Muslim rulers gained momentum, and Nureddin's campaigns against the Latin states gathered strength after 1149

  18. How many years did Melisende rule as queen of Jerusalem, counting from 1131 to 1152?

    • 30 years
    • 25 years
    • 15 years
    • 21 years

  19. Which pope issued the official call for the Second Crusade in 1145?

    • Innocent III
    • Eugenius III
    • Gregory VIII
    • Urban II

  20. Which judgement about the Second Crusade's failure is best supported by the events of 1147–1149?

    • It failed because the military orders refused to fight outside Jerusalem, leaving the crusaders without knights
    • It failed because Nureddin conquered Cairo before the crusaders reached Syria, cutting off their supply lines
    • It failed because the Byzantine emperor blocked every crusader army from crossing Anatolia on its march east
    • Poor co-ordination between the French and German armies, and the choice of Damascus as a target, both contributed to defeat

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